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Burden of Anxiety, Depression and Perceived Stress in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cohort Study from North India

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Abstract

Background

Patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to psychiatric co-morbidities. We aimed to ascertain the burden of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress in patients with IBD from north India.

Methods

Consenting adult patients with an established diagnosis of IBD were enrolled. The enrolled patients filled the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires. The patient and disease characteristics were analyzed to determine the correlations and predictors of psychiatric comorbidities.

Results

A total of 318 patients (255 UC, 63 CD; mean age 40.13 ± 12.06 years, 168 [52.8%] males; mean partial Mayo score 2.10 ± 2.35; and mean HBI 2.77 ± 2.13) were enrolled. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and moderate to high perceived stress was 14%, 12%, and 41%, respectively. Females had higher mean perceived stress, anxiety and depression scores compared to males. The partial Mayo score (PMS) correlated poorly with anxiety (ρ = 0.083, p = 0.187), depression (ρ = 0.123, p = 0.49) and perceived stress (ρ = 0.169; p = 0.007). The Harvey Bradshaw index (HBI) correlated fairly with anxiety (ρ = 0.336, p = 0.007) and poorly with depression (ρ = 0.287, p = 0.022) and perceived stress (ρ = 0.20; p = 0.117). Younger age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.97; p = 0.001) and hand-grip strength (OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.88–11.42; p = 0.001) predicted anxiety in patients with UC while rural area of residence (OR 4.75, 95% CI 1.03–21.98; p = 0.046) and HBI (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12–2.29; p = 0.009) were significant predictors of anxiety in patients with CD.

Conclusion

Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with IBD, with higher prevalence in females. Young adults with UC and sarcopenia; and individuals with active CD living in rural areas are at an increased risk of anxiety.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [AS], upon reasonable request.

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Funding

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India

    Arshdeep Singh, Arshia Bhardwaj, Dharmatma Singh, Ramit Mahajan & Ajit Sood

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Ashish Tripathi, Ashi Sachdeva, Mahima Marwah & Vandana Midha

  3. Department of Gastroenterology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal

    Mukesh Kumar Ranjan

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India

    Kriti Sood Sadana

  5. Research and Development Centre, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Namita Bansal

  6. Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Kirandeep Kaur

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Contributions

AS: Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting the article, revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. AB: Interpretation of data, drafting the article, revising the article critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. AT: Acquisition of data, final approval of the version to be submitted. MKR: Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. DS: Acquisition of data, final approval of the version to be submitted. AS: Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. MM: Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. KSS: Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. NB: Interpretation of data, final approval of the version to be submitted. RM: Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. KK: Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. VM: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration, Drafting the article, revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted. AS: Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting the article, revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ajit Sood.

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Conflict of interest

Ajit Sood is on the advisory board of Janssen Pharmaceuticals (Asia–Pacific) and received honorarium for speaker events from Pfizer India and Takeda India. The remaining authors disclose no conflicts.

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Singh, A., Bhardwaj, A., Tripathi, A. et al. Burden of Anxiety, Depression and Perceived Stress in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cohort Study from North India. Dig Dis Sci 69, 775–790 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-023-08242-3

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