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Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment of Diabetic Diarrhea

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Fig. 1

Abbreviations

AGE:

Advanced glycation end-products

DD:

Diabetic diarrhea

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

ECG:

Enteric glial cells

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IBS-D:

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

ICC:

Interstitial cells of Cajal

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor-1

nNOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

PEI:

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency

SCF:

Stem cell factor

SIBO:

Small intestinal bowel overgrowth

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Alexandra Selby

  2. Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Zachary Wilmer Reichenbach, Gregory Piech & Frank K. Friedenberg

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  1. Alexandra Selby
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AS, PGY-2, resident in internal medicine, wrote the manuscript, contributed to the final edits, and approved the final manuscript. ZWR, PGY-5, fellow in gastroenterology, wrote the manuscript, contributed to the final edits, and approved the final manuscript. GP, PGY-5, fellow in gastroenterology, wrote the manuscript, contributed to the final edits, and approved the final manuscript. FF developed the topic and outline of the manuscript, contributed to the final edits, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Frank K. Friedenberg.

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Selby, A., Reichenbach, Z.W., Piech, G. et al. Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment of Diabetic Diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci 64, 3385–3393 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05846-6

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