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Hereditary and Common Familial Colorectal Cancer: Evidence for Colorectal Screening

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer among men and women. Between 3 and 6 % of all CRCs are attributed to well-defined inherited syndromes, including Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis and several hamartomatous conditions. Up to 30 % of CRC cases exhibit common familial risk, likely related to a combination of inherited factors and environment. Identification of these patients through family history and appropriate genetic testing can provide estimates of cancer risk that inform appropriate cancer screening, surveillance and/or preventative interventions. This article examines the colon cancer syndromes, their genetic basis, clinical management and evidence supporting colorectal screening. It also deals with the category of common (non-syndromic) familial risk including risk determination and screening guidelines.

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Acknowledgments

The study was funded by the National Cancer Institute, American College of Gastroenterology, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the Huntsman Cancer Foundation. The funding sources did not play a role in the design, conduct or reporting of the study or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Conflict of interest

RWB is a consultant for Myriad Genetics and NJS is a consultant for Cook Medical. No other authors have a conflict of interest to disclose.

Funding

Support for this project was provided by NCI grants P01-CA073992 (RWB), R01-CA040641 (RWB), an Endoscopic Research Award from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (NJS) and a Junior Faculty Career Development Award from the American College of Gastroenterology (NJS). Partial support for the Utah Population Database and this project was provided by the Huntsman Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA042014 from the National Cancer institute and the Huntsman Cancer Foundation. Support for the Utah Cancer Registry is provided by Contract #HHSN 261201000026C from the National Cancer Institute with additional support from the Utah Department of Health and the University of Utah.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. High Risk GI Cancers Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    N. Jewel Samadder, Kory Jasperson & Randall W. Burt

  2. Departments of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    N. Jewel Samadder & Randall W. Burt

  3. Departments of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Randall W. Burt

  4. Genetic Counseling Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Kory Jasperson

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  1. N. Jewel Samadder
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  2. Kory Jasperson
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  3. Randall W. Burt
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Correspondence to N. Jewel Samadder.

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Samadder, N.J., Jasperson, K. & Burt, R.W. Hereditary and Common Familial Colorectal Cancer: Evidence for Colorectal Screening. Dig Dis Sci 60, 734–747 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3465-z

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