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Less-Established Risk Factors Are Common in Asian Americans with Hepatitis C Virus: A Case–Controlled Study

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Abstract

Background and Aims

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with injection drug use, blood transfusion before 1992, stigmata of liver disease, or born between 1945 and 1965. The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for HCV acquisition in Asian Americans.

Methods

This was a case–controlled study, with 471 consecutive patients testing positive for anti-HCV between January 2001 and December 2008. Controls included 471 patients with negative HCV matched at a one-to-one ratio for sex, age (±5 years), and ethnicity.

Results

For Asian patients, the most common risk factors were blood transfusion and acupuncture or exposure to dirty needles (27 and 20 %, respectively). On multiple logistic regression, potential predictors for a positive anti-HCV test in Asians were acupuncture or exposure to dirty needles (OR = 12.9, P < 0.0001), body tattoo (OR = 12.0, P = 0.001), and history of blood transfusion (OR = 5.7, P < 0.0001).

Discussion

Acupuncture and exposure to dirty needles are independent risk factors of HCV infection. Asians coming from endemic areas should be screened for HCV even when commonly-known risk factors for Western patients are not present.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pacific Health Foundation, San Jose, CA, USA

    Kevin C. Kin, Brian Lin, Kevin T. Chaung, Nghiem B. Ha & Huy N. Trinh

  2. College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, NV, USA

    Kevin C. Kin

  3. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, 750 Welch Road, Suite 210, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA

    Nghiem B. Ha & Mindie H. Nguyen

  4. San Jose Gastroenterology, San Jose, CA, USA

    Huy N. Trinh, Ruel T. Garcia, Huy A. Nguyen, Khanh K. Nguyen, Brian S. Levitt & Eduardo B. da Silveira

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  1. Kevin C. Kin
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  2. Brian Lin
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  3. Kevin T. Chaung
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  4. Nghiem B. Ha
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  7. Huy A. Nguyen
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  8. Khanh K. Nguyen
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  11. Mindie H. Nguyen
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Correspondence to Mindie H. Nguyen.

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Kin, K.C., Lin, B., Chaung, K.T. et al. Less-Established Risk Factors Are Common in Asian Americans with Hepatitis C Virus: A Case–Controlled Study. Dig Dis Sci 58, 3342–3347 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-2884-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-2884-6

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