References
Perrillo RP (2001) Acute flares in chronic hepatitis B: the natural and unnatural history of an immunologically mediated liver disease. Gastroenterology 120:1009–1022
Nakamura Y, Motokura T, Fujita A, Yamashita T, Ogata E (1996) Severe hepatitis related to chemotherapy in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies. Survey in Japan, 1987–1991. Cancer 78:2210–2215
Hoofnagle JH, Dusheiko GM, Schafer DF, Jones EA, Micetich KC, Young RC, Costa J (1982) Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection by cancer chemotherapy. Ann Intern Med 96:447–449
Hanson RG, Peters MG, Hoofnagle JH (1986) Effects of immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone on B and T lymphocyte function in patients with chronic type B hepatitis. Hepatology 6:173–179
Liaw YF, Tsai SL, Chien RN, Yeh CT, Chu CM (2000) Prednisolone priming enhances Th1 response and efficacy of subsequent lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 32:604–609
Chou CK, Wang LH, Lin HM, Chi CW (1992) Glucocorticoid stimulates hepatitis B viral gene expression in cultured human hepatoma cells. Hepatology 16:13–18
Tur-Kaspa R, Burk RD, Shaul Y, Shafritz DA (1986) Hepatitis B virus DNA contains a glucocorticoid-responsive element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:1627–1631
Hsu CH, Hsu HC, Chen HL, Gao M, Yeh PY, Chen PJ, Cheng AL (2004) Doxorubicin activates hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in HBV-harboring hepatoblastoma cells. A possible novel mechanism of HBV reactivation in HBV carriers receiving systemic chemotherapy. Anticancer Res 24:3035–3040
Lok AS, Liang RH, Chiu EK, Wong KL, Chan TK, Todd D (1991) Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study. Gastroenterology 100:182–188
Yeo W, Chan PK, Zhong S, Ho WM, Steinberg JL, Tam JS, Hui P, Leung NW, Zee B, Johnson PJ (2000) Frequency of hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy: a prospective study of 626 patients with identification of risk factors. J Med Virol 62:299–307
Alexopoulos CG, Vaslamatzis M, Hatzidimitriou G (1999) Prevalence of hepatitis B virus marker positivity and evolution of hepatitis B virus profile, during chemotherapy, in patients with solid tumours. Br J Cancer 81:69–74
Yeo W, Chan PK, Hui P, Ho WM, Lam KC, Kwan WH, Zhong S, Johnson PJ (2003) Hepatitis B virus reactivation in breast cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy: a prospective study. J Med Virol 70:553–561
Duhart BTJr., Honaker MR, Shokouh-Amiri MH, Riely CA, Vera SR, Taylor SL, Al-jedai AH, Gaber AO (2003) Retrospective evaluation of the risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation after transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 5:126–131
Locasciulli A, Bacigalupo A, Van Lint MT, et al. (1990) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report of 30 cases. Bone Marrow Transplant 6:25–29
Seth P, Alrajhi AA, Kagevi I, Chaudhary MA, Colcol E, Sahovic E, Aljurf M, Gyger M (2002) Hepatitis B virus reactivation with clinical flare in allogeneic stem cell transplants with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 30:189–194
Shibolet O, Ilan Y, Gillis S, Hubert A, Shouval D, Safadi R (2002) Lamivudine therapy for prevention of immunosuppressive-induced hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Blood 100:391–396
Gane E, Pilmore H (2002) Management of chronic viral hepatitis before and after renal transplantation. Transplantation 74:427–437
Hoofnagle JH, Davis GL, Pappas SC, Hanson RG, Peters M, Avigan MI, Waggoner JG, Jones EA, Seeff LB (1986) A short course of prednisolone in chronic type B hepatitis. Report of a randomized, double–blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 104:12–17
Lam KC, Lai CL, Trepo C, Wu PC (1981) Deleterious effect of prednisolone in HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. N Engl J Med 304:380–386
Cheng AL, Hsiung CA, Su IJ, Chen PJ, Chang MC, Tsao CJ, Kao WY, Uen WC, Hsu CH, Tien HF, Chao TY, Chen LT, Whang-Peng J (2003) Steroid-free chemotherapy decreases risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in HBV-carriers with lymphoma. Hepatology 37:1320–1328
Chi ZC, Ma SZ (2003) Rheumatologic manifestations of hepatic diseases. Hepatobil Pancreat Dis Int 2:32–37
Suzuki Y, Uehara R, Tajima C, Noguchi A, Ide M, Ichikawa Y, Mizushima Y (1999) Elevation of serum hepatic aminotransferases during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with low-dose methotrexate. Risk factors and response to folic acid. Scand J Rheumatol 28:273–281
Ahern MJ, Smith MD, Roberts-Thomson PJ (1998) Methotrexate hepatotoxicity: What is the evidence? Inflamm Res 47:148–151
Liaw YF, Leung N, Guan R, Lau GK, Merican I, McCaughan G, Gane E, Kao JH, Omata M (2005) Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2005 update. Liver Int 25:472–489
Lok AS, McMahon BJ (2004) Chronic hepatitis B: update of recommendations. Hepatology 39:857–861
Lau GK, Yiu HH, Fong DY, Cheng HC, Au WY, Lai LS, Cheung M, Zhang HY, Lie A, Ngan R, Liang R (2003) Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 125:1742–1749
Yeo W, Chan PK, Ho WM, Zee B, Lam KC, Lei KI, Chan AT, Mok TS, Lee JJ, Leung TW, Zhong S, Johnson PJ (2004) Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B s-antigen seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 22:927–934
Liu CJ, Lai MY, Lee PH, Chou NK, Chu SH, Chen PJ, Kao JH, Jen YM, Chen DS (2001) Lamivudine treatment for hepatitis B reactivation in HBsAg carriers after organ transplantation: a 4-year experience. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:1001–1008
Conjeevaram HS, Lok AS (2003) Management of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 38(Suppl 1):S90–103
Liaw YF, Chien RN (1999) Case report: dramatic response to lamivudine therapy following corticosteroid priming in chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:804–806
Perrillo RP, Regenstein FG, Peters MG, DeSchryver-Kecskemeti K, Bodicky CJ, Campbell CR, Kuhns MC (1988) Prednisone withdrawal followed by recombinant alpha interferon in the treatment of chronic type B hepatitis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 109:95–100
Tupasi TE, Co VM, Clarin MS, Alesna ET, Divinagracia EM, Mangubat NV (2002) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oromucosal low-dose interferon following prednisone withdrawal for chronic hepatitis B infection in Filipino patients. Int J Infect Dis 6:37–41
Liaw YF (1997) Current therapeutic trends in therapy for chronic viral hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:S346–S353
Liaw YF, Chu CM, Su IJ, Huang MJ, Lin DY, Chang-Chien CS (1983) Clinical and histological events preceding hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic type B hepatitis. Gastroenterology 84:216–219
Knoll A, Pietrzyk M, Loss M, Goetz WA, Jilg W (2005) Solid-organ transplantation in HBsAg-negative patients with antibodies to HBV Core antigen: low risk of HBV reactivation. Transplantation 79:1631–1633
Yeo W, Zee B, Zhong S, Chan PK, Wong WL, Ho WM, Lam KC, Johnson PJ (2004) Comprehensive analysis of risk factors associating with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 90:1306–1311
Lau GK, Leung YH, Fong DY, Au WY, Kwong YL, Lie A, Hou JL, Wen YM, Nanj A, Liang R (2002) High hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load as the most important risk factor for HBV reactivation in patients positive for HBV surface antigen undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 99:2324–2330
Zhong S, Yeo W, Schroder C, Chan PK, Wong WL, Ho WM, Mo F, Zee B, Johnson PJ (2004) High hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load is an important risk factor for HBV reactivation in breast cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. J Viral Hepat 11:55–59
Vento S, Cainelli F, Longhi MS (2002) Reactivation of replication of hepatitis B and C viruses after immunosuppressive therapy: an unresolved issue. Lancet Oncol 3:333–340
Yeo W, Chan PK, Chan HL, Mo FK, Johnson PJ (2001) Hepatitis B virus reactivation during cytotoxic chemotherapy-enhanced viral replication precedes overt hepatitis. J Med Virol 65:473–477
Acknowledgment
This study was supported by grants from the Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9609-z
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tsai, FC., Hsieh, SC., Chen, DS. et al. Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus in Rheumatologic Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive Agents. Dig Dis Sci 51, 1627–1632 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9074-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9074-8