Skip to main content
Log in

Cyber-physical systems design: transition from functional to architectural models

  • Published:
Design Automation for Embedded Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Normally, the design process of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) starts with the creation of functional models that are used for simulation purposes. However, most of the time such models are not directly reused for the design of the architecture of the target CPS. As a consequence, more efforts than strictly necessary are spent during the CPS architecture design phase. This paper presents an approach called Assisted Transformation of Models (AST), which aims at transforming functional (simulation) models designed in the Simulink environment into architectural models represented in the Architecture Analysis and Design Language. Using AST, designers can perform a smooth transition between these two design phases, with an additional advantage of assuring the coupling between functional and architectural models. The use and benefits of AST are exemplified in the paper in a study devoted to for the design of a typical CPS: an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. https://github.com/osate/osate2-plugins.

References

  1. (AVSI), A.V.S.I. (2010) The system architecture virtual integration program. http://savi.avsi.aero

  2. Chkouri M, Bozga M (2009) Prototyping of distributed embedded systems using AADL. In: Baelen SV, Weigert T, Ober I, Espinoza H (eds) 2nd international workshop on model based architecting and construction of embedded systems (ACES-MB 2009), CEUR workshop proceedings, vol 507, pp 65–79

  3. Correa T, Becker LB, Farines JM, Bodeveix JP, Filali M, Vernadat F (2010) A model-based design methodology for cyber-physical systems. In: 6th embedded real time software and systems conference (\(\text{ ETRS }^2\) 2010)

  4. Delange J, Pautet L, Hugues J, De Niz D (2010) An MDE-based process for the design, implementation and validation of safety-critical systems. In: 15th IEEE international conference on engineering of complex computer systems (ICECCS 2010), pp 319–324. doi:10.1109/ICECCS.2010.12

  5. Donadel R, Raffo G, Becker L (2014) Modeling and control of a tiltrotor UAV for path tracking. In: 19th IFAC World Congress, pp 3839–3844. IFAC. doi:10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.01735

  6. Feiler PH, Gluch DP (2012) Model-based engineering with AADL: an introduction to the SAE architecture analysis & design language. Addison-Wesley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gonçalves F, Bodanese J, Donadel R, Raffo G, Normey-Rico J, Becker L (2013) Small scale UAV with birotor configuration. In: IEEE international conference on unmanned aircraft systems (ICUAS 2013), pp 761–768

  8. Gonçalves F, Donadel R, Raffo G, Becker L (2013) Assessing the use of Simulink on the development process of an unmanned aerial vehicle. In: 3rd workshop on cyber-physical systems (CyPhy 2013)

  9. INRIA ESPRESSO Team (2010) Polychrony. http://raweb.inria.fr/rapportsactivite/RA2010/espresso/uid27.html

  10. Lasnier G, Pautet L, Hugues J, Wrage L (2011) An implementation of the Behavior Annex in the AADL-toolset Osate2. In: Perseil I, Breitman K, Sterritt R (eds) 16th IEEE international conference on engineering of complex computer systems (ICECCS 2011). IEEE Computer Society, pp 332–337. doi:10.1109/ICECCS.2011.39

  11. Lasnier G, Zalila B, Pautet L, Hugues J (2009) Ocarina: an environment for AADL models analysis and automatic code generation for high integrity applications. In: 14th Ada-Europe international conference on reliable software technologies (Ada-Europe 2009). Springer, New York, pp 237–250. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01924-1_17

  12. Le Guernic P, Gautier T, Le Borgne M, Le Maire C (1991) Programming real-time applications with SIGNAL. Proc IEEE 79(9):1321–1336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lee E (2008) Cyber physical systems: design challenges. In: 11th IEEE international symposium on object oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC 2008), IEEE Computer Society, pp 363–369. doi:10.1109/ISORC.2008.25

  14. Mathworks T (2011) Using Simulink. http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/pdf_doc/simulink/sl_using

  15. Miller J, Mukerji J (2000) MDA Guide Version 1.0.1. Technical Report, Document omg/2003-06-01, Object Management Group

  16. Raghav G, Gopalswamy S, Radhakrishnan K, Delange J, Hugues J (2009) Architecture driven generation of distributed embedded software from functional models. In: Ground vehicle systems engineering and technology symposium (GVSETS 2009)

  17. SAE (2006) SAE AADL meta model and XML/XMI. http://www.aadl.info/aadl/currentsite/tool/metamod.html

  18. SAE (2011) SAE Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL); Annex vol 2: Annex B: Data Modeling Annex, Annex D: Behavior Model Annex, and Annex F: ARINC653 Annex. http://standards.sae.org/as5506/2

  19. Selic B, Gérard S (2014) Modeling and analysis of real-time and embedded systems with UML and MARTE. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  20. The CESAR Project (2010) Cost-eficient methods and processes for safety relevant embedded systems. http://www.cesarproject.eu

  21. Yu H, Ma Y, Glouche Y, Talpin JP, Besnard L, Gautier T, Guernic PL, Toom A, Laurent O (2011) System-level co-simulation of integrated avionics using Polychrony. In: 2011 ACM Symposium on applied computing (SAC 2011). ACM, New York, pp. 354–359. doi:10.1145/1982185.1982263

  22. Zowghi D, Coulin C (2005) Requirements elicitation: a survey of techniques, approaches, and tools. In: Aurum A, Wohlin C (eds) Engineering and managing software requirements. Springer, Berlin, pp. 19–46. doi:10.1007/3-540-28244-0_2

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank the Brazilian funding agency CAPES for their support for the development of this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rosane Fátima Passarini.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Passarini, R.F., Farines, JM., Fernandes, J.M. et al. Cyber-physical systems design: transition from functional to architectural models. Des Autom Embed Syst 19, 345–366 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10617-015-9164-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10617-015-9164-y

Keywords

Navigation