Skip to main content
Log in

From Safety to Danger: Constructions of Crime in a Women’s Magazine

  • Published:
Critical Criminology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study examines how the print media constructs signifiers of safety and danger for women. We analyze 155 news articles regarding crime and criminal justice from 1970 to 1990 in Chatelaine magazine, a Canadian women’s periodical. Both content and textual analyses are deployed to evaluate the media representations of crime and their role in facilitating images of fear and safety. We show that the meanings associated with women’s danger and safety in news narratives are socially constructed through claims, sources, content and culture. We find that news reporting did not initially incorporate signifiers of fear. However, crime messages increasingly included images of fear in the later reporting period. We argue that the transformations surrounding these images and texts are influenced by the rise in neoliberal thought in the 1980s. Our results indicate that ideological struggles external to the media are crucial to the representation of crime, which ultimately influence signifiers of danger and safety for women.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Altheide, D. (2002). Creating fear: News and the construction of crisis. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayer Directory of Publications. (1970–1990). Newspaper, magazines and trade publication. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Ayer Press.

  • Baker, M., Nienstedt, B., Everett, R., & McCleary, R. (1983). The impact of a crime wave: Perceptions, fear, and confidence in the police. Law and Society Review, 17(2), 319–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, M., Barlow, D., & Chiricos, T. (1995). Economic conditions and ideologies of crime in the media: A content analysis of crime news. Crime and Delinquency, 41(1), 3–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Best, J. (1999). Random violence: How we talk about new crimes and new victims. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bortner, M. A. (1984). Media images and public attitudes toward crime and justice. In R. Surette (Ed.), Justice and the media: Issues and research (pp. 15–30). Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callanan, V. J. (2005). Feeding the fear of crime: Crime-related media and support for three strikes. New York, NY: LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime. (2006). http://crcvc.ca/en/resources/. Accessed 27 July 2010.

  • Cavender, G., & Bond-Maupin, L. (1993). Fear and loathing on reality television: An analysis of “America’s Most Wanted” and “Unsolved Mysteries”. Sociological Inquiry, 63(3), 305–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chadee, D., & Ditton, J. (2005). Fear of crime and the media: Assessing the lack of relationship. Crime, Media & Culture, 1(3), 322–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chermak, S. (1994). Crime in the news media: A refined understanding of how crimes become news”. In G. Barak (Ed.), Media, process, and the social construction of crime (pp. 95–129). New York, NY: Garland Publishing, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiricos, T., Padgett, K., & Gertz, M. (2000). Fear, TV news, and the reality of crime. Criminology, 38(3), 755–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ditton, J., Chadee, S., Farrall, E., Gilchrist, E., & Bannister, J. (2004). From imitation to intimidation: A note on the curious and changing relationship between the media, crime and fear of crime. British Journal of Criminology, 44(4), 595–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doob, A., & MacDonald, G. (1979). Television viewing and fear of victimization: Is the relationship causal? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(2), 170–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dussuyer, I. (1979). Crime news: A study of 40 Ontario newspapers. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Einstadter, W., & Henry, S. (1995). Criminological theory: An analysis of its underlying assumptions. Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ericson, R., Baranek, P., & Chan, J. (1991). Representing order: Crime, law and justice in the news media. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrall, S., Gray, E., & Jackson, J. (2007). Theorising the fear of crime: The cultural and social significance of insecurities about crime. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1012393. Accessed 27 July 2010.

  • Ferraro, K. (1996). Women’s fear of victimization: Shadow of sexual assault. Social Forces, 75(2), 667–691.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, M., & Cavender, G. (1998). Entertaining crime: Television reality programs. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1991). Governmentality. In G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Eds.), The Foucault effect (pp. 87–104). London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamson, W., Croteau, D., Hoynes, W., & Sasson, T. (1992). Media images and the social construction of reality. Annual Reviews in Sociology, 18, 373–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garland, D. (1996). The limits of the sovereign state: Strategies of crime control in contemporary society. The British Journal of Criminology, 36(4), 445–471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garland, D. (2001). The culture of control. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garofalo, J. (1977). Public opinion about crime: The attitudes of victims and nonvictims in selected cities. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielle, N. (1980). The mainstreaming of America violence profile No. 11. Journal of Communication, 30, 10–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, M., & Riger, S. (1989). The female fear. New York, NY: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graber, D. (1980). Crime news and the public. New York, NY: Praeger Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of the literature. International Review of Victimology, 4, 79–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, L. (1984). Impact of newspaper crime reports on fear of crime: Multimethodological investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(2), 263–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, E., & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media. New York: Pantheon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, L. (1987). The Continuum of Sexual Violence. In J. Hanmer & M. Maynard (Eds.), Women, violence, and social control (pp. 46–60). Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liska, A., & Baccaglini, W. (1990). Feeling safe by comparison. Social Problems, 37(3), 360–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H. (1991). A comparative analysis of crime coverage in newspapers in the United States and other countries from 1960 to 1989: A review of the literature. Journal of Criminal Justice, 19, 67–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMullan, J. L. (2006). News, truth, and the recognition of corporate crime. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 48(6), 905–939.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesch, G. (2000). Women’s fear of crime: The role of rear for the well-being of significant others. Violence and Victims, 15(3), 323–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe, G., & Reid-Nash, K. (1987). Crime news and real-world blues: The effects of the media on social reality. Communication Research, 14(2), 147–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley, P. (1992). Risk, power, and crime prevention. Economy and Society, 21(3), 252–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pain, R. (1991). Space, sexual violence and social control: Integrating geographical and feminist analyses of women’s fear of crime. Progress in Human Geography, 15(4), 415–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pain, R. (1997). Old age and ageism in urban research: The case of fear of crime. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 21(1), 117–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pain, R. (2001). Gender, race, age and fear in the city. Urban Studies, 38(5–6), 899–913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, W. J., & Smith, S. (2000). The context of graphic portrayals of television violence. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44(2), 301–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiner, R., Livingstone, S., & Allen, J. (2001). Casino culture: Media and crime in a winner-loser society. In K. Stenson & R. Sullivan (Eds.), Crime, risk, and justice (pp. 175–193). Portland, Oregon: Willan Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiner, R., Livingstone, S., & Allen, J. (2003). From law and order to lynch mobs: Crime news since the second world war. In P. Mason (Ed.), Criminal visions: Media representations of crime and justice. Portland, Oregon: Willan Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, N., & Miller, P. (1991). Political power beyond the state: Problematics of government. British Journal of Sociology, 43(2), 172–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacco, V. (1995). Media constructions of crime. The Annals of the American Academy, AAPSS, 539, 141–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, P., Dobash, R. E., Dobash, R., & Weaver, K. (1992). Women viewing violence. London, England: BFI Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, P., Tumber, H., & Murdock, G. (1991). The media politics of crime and criminal justice. British Journal of Sociology, 42, 397–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherizen, S. (1978). Social creation of crime news: All the news fitted to print. In C. Winick (Ed.), Deviance and mass media (pp. 203–224). Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skogan, W., & Maxfield, M. (1981). Coping with crime: Individual and neighbourhood reactions. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. J. (1986). Crime, space and society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, R. (1992). Television and the drama of crime. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanko, E. (1990). Everyday violence: How women and men experience sexual and physical danger. London, England: Pandora Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanko, E. (2000). Victims r us: The life history of ‘fear of crime’ and the politicisation of violence”. In T. Hope & R. Sparks (Eds.), Crime, risk, and insecurity (pp. 13–30). London, England: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surette, R. (1994). Predator criminals as media icons. In G. Barak (Ed.), Media, process, and the social construction of crime (pp. 131–158). New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surette, R. (1998). Media, crime and criminal justice: Images and realities (2nd ed.). Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, F. (1989). The monthly epic: A history of Canadian magazines. Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry and Whiteside.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voumvakis, S., & Ericson, R. (1984). News accounts of attacks on women: A comparison of three Toronto newspapers. Toronto: Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warr, M. (2000). Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and policy. In D. Duffee (Ed.), Criminal justice 2000: Volume four: Measurement and analysis of crime and justice (pp. 451–489). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, K., Carter, C., & Stanko, E. (2000). The female body at risk: Media, sexual violence, and the gendering of public environments. In S. Allan, B. Adam, & C. Carter (Eds.), Environmental risks and the media (pp. 171–183). London, England: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P., & Dickinson, J. (1993). Fear of crime: Read all about it. British Journal of Criminology, 33(1), 33–56.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Delthia E. Miller.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Miller, D.E., McMullan, J.L. From Safety to Danger: Constructions of Crime in a Women’s Magazine. Crit Crim 19, 265–283 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-010-9126-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-010-9126-4

Keywords

Navigation