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Anxiety Sensitivity and Experiential Avoidance: Relations with Anxiety Severity and Treatment Outcomes in Anxious Youth

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Abstract

Purpose

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) and experiential avoidance (EA) are associated with anxiety in both adults and youths. This study examined the separate contributions of AS and EA in predicting (a) anxiety (symptom severity) and (b) differential treatment outcomes in anxious youth receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Methods

Participants (N = 89; age 10–17 years; 37% male; 78% white) met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder and received CBT (Coping Cat). AS and EA were child-report measures collected at baseline. The outcome variables were anxiety symptom severity (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children; child- and parent-reported) and Independent Evaluator-rated anxiety severity (Child Global Impression-Severity) collected at baseline and posttreatment. Multilevel models (MLM) examined independent and relative contributions of AS and EA to the outcome variables as a secondary analysis.

Results

Both AS and EA were associated with levels of anxiety symptom severity at pretreatment and at posttreatment, varying by reporter. Neither AS nor EA predicted differential treatment outcomes: youth at varying levels had comparably favorable outcomes.

Conclusions

Findings suggest similarity in AS and EA, and that both constructs may be adequately and equally addressed in CBT. Future research could consider examining change in AS and EA and anxiety across treatment in diverse populations.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Temple University, 19122, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Kyler R. Lehrbach, Margaret E. Crane, Thomas M. Olino & Philip C. Kendall

  2. Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA

    Margaret E. Crane

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PCK receives royalties from the sales of published materials related to the treatment of youth, and his spouse operates and receives income from the publisher. Manuscript preparation was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grants awarded to MEC (F31MH123038).

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Lehrbach, K.R., Crane, M.E., Olino, T.M. et al. Anxiety Sensitivity and Experiential Avoidance: Relations with Anxiety Severity and Treatment Outcomes in Anxious Youth. Cogn Ther Res 47, 841–850 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10408-2

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