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Gaze as an Indicator of Selective Attention in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder

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Abstract

Attention bias, conceptualized to be involved in the development and maintenance of SAD, may differentiate teens with SAD from those without. Although SAD typically emerges during adolescence, eye-tracking research has not explicitly focused on biased attention in adolescents with SAD relative to healthy controls, using stimuli specifically developed for adolescents, thus prompting the rationale for the present study. Youth with SAD were quicker to fixate their gaze on angry faces and maintained their gaze longer toward both angry and neutral faces. Findings suggest that socially anxious teenagers demonstrate bias, relative to teens without SAD. The bias is marked by shortened latency to fixate on angry faces. Additionally, given that the adolescents with SAD also exhibited longer initial fixation duration to both angry and neutral faces, relative to controls, these results suggest the possibility of heightened reactivity to social stimuli regardless of emotional valence. Alternatively, it may be the case, that youth with SAD perceive neutral faces as threatening. Given the role attention bias plays in the etiology and maintenance of SAD, better understanding of the cognitive processes which underlie the disorder is warranted. The current study offers initial findings for informing treatment for adolescents with the condition.

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Notes

  1. Given that first fixation direction toward angry faces was expressed as a proportion (i.e., number of trials gaze was first directed to angry face divided by total number of trials with eye movements to angry-neutral face pairs) which equaled 100%, there was no need to enter first fixation direction proportion to neutral faces given that the proportion was calculated with this percentage already included (i.e., exclusion of redundant information because derived from other variable retained in the data set). .

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Funding

This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, Grant 5R34MH096915 [PI: Ollendick] and the Virginia Tech Graduate Research Development Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

    Nicole N. Capriola-Hall & Susan W. White

  2. Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Thomas H. Ollendick

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  1. Nicole N. Capriola-Hall
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Correspondence to Nicole N. Capriola-Hall.

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Nicole N. Capriola-Hall, Thomas H. Ollendick and Susan W. White declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Capriola-Hall, N.N., Ollendick, T.H. & White, S.W. Gaze as an Indicator of Selective Attention in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder. Cogn Ther Res 44, 145–155 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10038-7

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