Abstract
This is the first long-term follow-up study of virtual reality exposure therapy and exposure group therapy for social anxiety disorder—completed 6 years, on average, after treatment completion. Participants (N = 28) had a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder that included public speaking fears and had previously completed 8 sessions of either virtual reality exposure therapy or exposure group therapy delivered according to a treatment manual. The final sample was ethnically diverse, middle-aged (mean age = 42 years) and mostly female (71%). Participants completed standardized self-report measures of public speaking anxiety and fear of negative evaluation, a behavioral speech task, a diagnostic interview, and ratings of global improvement. Participants showed statistically significant improvement on all self-report measures from pre-treatment to follow-up. All participants completed the speech task, with two exceptions: one participant declined to do the speech task and one person completed the follow-up assessment by phone. The majority of participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for the disorder (54%) and reported themselves “very much” or “much” improved (68%). With one exception, there were no differences between treatments at follow-up across self-report, clinician-rated, and behavioral data. Virtual reality exposure therapy and exposure group therapy for social anxiety disorder produce long-lasting benefits, consistent with research on a variety of forms of short-term cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder.
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Acknowledgements
The parent study was supported by a grant to the first author from the National Institute of Mental Health, R42 MH 60506-02. The collection of follow-up data was supported by money from the department of the first author. The sponsors had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.
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Page L. Anderson has received research grants from the Andrew Kukes Foundation for Social Anxiety, the National Institutes of Health, and Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. Shannan M. Edwards, Jessica R. Goodnight declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (national and institutional). Informed consent was obtained from all individual subjects participating in the study. If any identifying information is contained in the paper the following statement is also necessary—additional informed consent was obtained from any subjects for whom identifying information appears in this paper.
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This work was based in part on the dissertation of Shannan M. Edwards.
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Anderson, P.L., Edwards, S.M. & Goodnight, J.R. Virtual Reality and Exposure Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Results from a 4–6 Year Follow-Up. Cogn Ther Res 41, 230–236 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9820-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9820-y