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Adolescent Substance Use & Psychopathology: Interactive Effects of Cortisol Reactivity and Emotion Regulation

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Abstract

How are emotional processes associated with the increased rates of substance use and psychological disorders commonly observed during adolescence? An index of emotion-related physiological arousal—cortisol reactivity—and subjective emotion regulation have both been independently linked to substance use and psychological difficulties among youth. The current study (N = 134 adolescents) sought to elucidate the interactive effects of cortisol reactivity following a stressful parent–child interaction task and self-reported emotion regulation ability on adolescents’ substance use and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Results revealed that adolescents with low levels of cortisol reactivity and high emotion regulation difficulties were more likely to use substances, and also had the highest parent-reported symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. With respect to internalizing symptoms, high emotion-related physiological reactivity coupled with high emotion regulation difficulties were associated with higher self-reported major depression symptoms among youth. Findings reveal that different profiles of HPA axis arousal and emotion regulation are associated with substance use and symptoms of psychopathology among adolescents.

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Notes

  1. An additional post hoc analysis was performed to assess whether cortisol moderated the association between emotion regulation difficulties and substance use. This resulted in a similar pattern of results; the simple slope for adolescents with low levels of cortisol reactivity (−1 SD: b = 0.14, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001) was significantly different than zero, indicating that higher emotion regulation difficulties were more associated with substance use for youth with lower cortisol reactivity.

  2. Given that there are two emotion-regulation specific symptoms of ODD on the Child Symptom Inventory, we also reran analyses without these items, and the cortisol reactivity × DERS interaction results remained significant, t = −3.13, p = 0.002.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out by a National Institute on Drug Abuse grant awarded to the fifth author (R01- DA033431). Please note that the content presented does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and that the funding sources had no other role other than financial support.

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  1. Youth Emotion Lab, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 10340 Democracy Lane Suite 301, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    Jennifer A. Poon, Caitlin C. Turpyn, Amysue Hansen, Juliana Jacangelo & Tara M. Chaplin

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Jennifer A. Poon, Caitlin C. Turpyn, Amysue Hansen, Juliana Jacangelo and Tara M. Chaplin declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Poon, J.A., Turpyn, C.C., Hansen, A. et al. Adolescent Substance Use & Psychopathology: Interactive Effects of Cortisol Reactivity and Emotion Regulation. Cogn Ther Res 40, 368–380 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9729-x

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