| |
Dependent variable—vote for the incumbent
|
|---|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
|---|
|
IA
|
0.116***
|
0.114***
|
0.114***
|
|
(0.0246)
|
(0.0238)
|
(0.0238)
|
|
Own receipt
|
0.0129***
|
0.0129***
|
0.0116***
|
|
(0.000457)
|
(0.000457)
|
(0.000515)
|
|
Baseline: no accountability
| | | |
|
Partial accountability
| | |
0.130***
|
| | |
(0.0168)
|
|
Full accountability
| | |
0.168***
|
| | |
(0.0218)
|
|
Constant
|
0.140***
|
0.0141
|
− 0.0788
|
|
(0.0148)
|
(0.0803)
|
(0.0696)
|
|
Controls
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
No. of obs.
|
11592
|
11592
|
11592
|
|
R-squared
|
0.331
|
0.337
|
0.347
|
- Dependent variable takes value 1 if the vote is for the incumbent and 0 if the vote is for the challenger. IA is a dummy variable that equals 1 if there is an incumbency advantage (\(\theta >0\)) and 0 if there isn’t (\(\theta = 0\)). Variable own receipt is the amount the voter receives. Partial accountability variable takes 1 when the incumbent makes a non zero transfer to the voters but retains a part of the budget and 0 otherwise. Full accountability variable takes 1 when the incumbent transfers the entire budget to the voters and 0 otherwise. They are both compared to the baseline of no accountability. The controls include experimental rounds, gender and participation in a past election. Ordinary least squares (OLS). Standard errors are clustered at the individual level. Robust standard errors in parentheses
- *\(p<0.10\); **\(p<0.05\); ***\(p<0.01\)