Abstract
My contribution presents a possibility to unify Europe based on newly emerging political units focused on solving problems rather than on historically given nation states. These Endogenous Political Entities (EPE), as they shall be called, are better suited to reach the goals of European unification as they strengthen the fundamental European values of variety and freedom. I make three propositions: to base the unification of Europe on nation states is unfortunate as the latter are responsible for the political disaster of the two World Wars; the unification must proceed in a problem-oriented manner. The constitution of Europe must allow and promote EPE to emerge specifically to deal with particular problems; the new political units can be introduced in marginal steps. Over time, a flexible and dynamic net of political entities will arise taking care of the large economic, social and cultural diversity in Europe.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The statement by German Chancellor Merkel, that “If the euro falls, the EU falls, and then falls Europe”, is noteworthy.
References
Alesina, A., Easterly, W., & Matuszeski, J. (2011). Artificial states. Journal of the European Economic Association, 9(2), 246–277.
Casella, A., & Frey, B. S. (1992). Federalism and clubs. Towards an economic theory of overlapping political jurisdictions. European Economic Review, 36, 639–646.
Congleton, R. D. (1997). Political efficiency and equal protection of the law. Kyklos, 50, 485–505.
Congleton, R. D. (2000). A political efficiency case for federalism in multinational states: Controlling ethnic rent seeking. In G. Galeotti, P. Salmon, & R. Winthrobe (Eds.), Competition and structure (pp. 365–397). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Congleton, R. D., Kyriacou, A., & Bacaria, J. (2003). A theory of menu federalism: Decentralization by political agreement. Constitutional Political Economy, 14, 167–190.
Dinan, D. (2005). Ever closer union: An introduction to european integration. Lynne Rienner: Boulder, Co.
Eckel, C., & Neary, J. P. (2010). Multi-product firms and flexible manufacturing in the global economy. Review of Economic Studies, 77, 188–217.
Economist. (2012). An ever-deeper democratic deficit.
Eichenberger, R., & Frey, B. S. (2002). Democratic governance for a globalized world. Kyklos, 55, 403–420.
Ellikson, R. C. (1998). New institutions for old neighborhoods. Duke Law Journal, 48, 75–110.
EU Commission. (2012). Towards a federation of nation states. 2012 State of the Union address by President Barroso. http://Ec.europa.eu/news_explained. Downloaded May 20, 2013.
Frey, B. S. (2001). A utopia? Government without territorial monopoly. Independent Review, 6, 99–112.
Frey, B. S., & Eichenberger, R. (1996). FOCJ: Competitive governments for Europe. International Review for Public Economics, 16, 315–327.
Frey, B. S., & Eichenberger, R. (1999). The New Democratic Federalism for Europe. Functional, overlapping and competing jurisdictions. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Friedman, P., & Taylor, B. (2012). Seasteading: Competitive governments on the ocean. Kyklos, 65, 218–235.
Hodler, R., Luechinger, S., & Stutzer, A. (2012). The Effects of voting costs on the democratic process and public finances. Mimeo: Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Zentrum, Universität Basel.
Kalleberg, A. L. (2001). Organizing flexibility: The flexible firm in a new century. British Journal of Industrial Organization, 39, 478–504.
Kyriacou, A. P. (2006). Functional, overlapping, competing jurisdictions and ethnic conflict management. Kyklos, 59, 63–83.
Rohrschneider, R. (2002). The democracy deficit and mass support for a EU-wide government. American Journal of Political Science, 46, 463–475.
Romer, P. (2010). Technologies, rules and progress. The case for charter cities. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
Senese, P. D., & Vasquez, J. A. (2008). The steps to war: An empirical study. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sikorski, R., & Westerwelle, G. (2012). A new vision of Europe. New York Times, September 17.
Van den Bergh, R. (2000). Towards an international legal framework of regulating competition in Europe. Kyklos, 53, 435–466.
Vanberg, V. J. (2000). Functional federalism: Communal or individual rights? Kyklos, 53, 363–386.
Vanberg, V. J. (2011). Social dilemmas and self-organization in pre-defined and in self-selected groups. The Good Society, 20, 67–72.
Vanberg, V. J., & Kerber, W. (1994). Institutional competition among jurisdictions: An evolutionary approach. Constitutional Political Economy, 5, 193–219.
Vasquez, J. A. (2009). The war puzzle revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Vaubel, R. (1994). The public choice analysis of European integration: A survey. European Journal of Political Economy, 10, 227–249.
Vaubel, R. (2008). The political economy of labor market regulation in the European Union. Review of International Organization, 3, 435–465.
Acknowledgments
The author is grateful for helpful remarks to Geoffrey Brennan, Roger Congleton, Lars Feld, Jana Gallus, Barbara Krug, Viktor Vanberg, Richard Wagner, and excellent comments by two referees.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frey, B.S. European unification: a new proposal. Const Polit Econ 24, 285–294 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-013-9147-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-013-9147-6