Skip to main content
Log in

European unification: a new proposal

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Constitutional Political Economy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

My contribution presents a possibility to unify Europe based on newly emerging political units focused on solving problems rather than on historically given nation states. These Endogenous Political Entities (EPE), as they shall be called, are better suited to reach the goals of European unification as they strengthen the fundamental European values of variety and freedom. I make three propositions: to base the unification of Europe on nation states is unfortunate as the latter are responsible for the political disaster of the two World Wars; the unification must proceed in a problem-oriented manner. The constitution of Europe must allow and promote EPE to emerge specifically to deal with particular problems; the new political units can be introduced in marginal steps. Over time, a flexible and dynamic net of political entities will arise taking care of the large economic, social and cultural diversity in Europe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The statement by German Chancellor Merkel, that “If the euro falls, the EU falls, and then falls Europe”, is noteworthy.

References

  • Alesina, A., Easterly, W., & Matuszeski, J. (2011). Artificial states. Journal of the European Economic Association, 9(2), 246–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casella, A., & Frey, B. S. (1992). Federalism and clubs. Towards an economic theory of overlapping political jurisdictions. European Economic Review, 36, 639–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Congleton, R. D. (1997). Political efficiency and equal protection of the law. Kyklos, 50, 485–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Congleton, R. D. (2000). A political efficiency case for federalism in multinational states: Controlling ethnic rent seeking. In G. Galeotti, P. Salmon, & R. Winthrobe (Eds.), Competition and structure (pp. 365–397). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Congleton, R. D., Kyriacou, A., & Bacaria, J. (2003). A theory of menu federalism: Decentralization by political agreement. Constitutional Political Economy, 14, 167–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinan, D. (2005). Ever closer union: An introduction to european integration. Lynne Rienner: Boulder, Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckel, C., & Neary, J. P. (2010). Multi-product firms and flexible manufacturing in the global economy. Review of Economic Studies, 77, 188–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Economist. (2012). An ever-deeper democratic deficit.

  • Eichenberger, R., & Frey, B. S. (2002). Democratic governance for a globalized world. Kyklos, 55, 403–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellikson, R. C. (1998). New institutions for old neighborhoods. Duke Law Journal, 48, 75–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EU Commission. (2012). Towards a federation of nation states. 2012 State of the Union address by President Barroso. http://Ec.europa.eu/news_explained. Downloaded May 20, 2013.

  • Frey, B. S. (2001). A utopia? Government without territorial monopoly. Independent Review, 6, 99–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, B. S., & Eichenberger, R. (1996). FOCJ: Competitive governments for Europe. International Review for Public Economics, 16, 315–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, B. S., & Eichenberger, R. (1999). The New Democratic Federalism for Europe. Functional, overlapping and competing jurisdictions. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, P., & Taylor, B. (2012). Seasteading: Competitive governments on the ocean. Kyklos, 65, 218–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodler, R., Luechinger, S., & Stutzer, A. (2012). The Effects of voting costs on the democratic process and public finances. Mimeo: Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Zentrum, Universität Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalleberg, A. L. (2001). Organizing flexibility: The flexible firm in a new century. British Journal of Industrial Organization, 39, 478–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyriacou, A. P. (2006). Functional, overlapping, competing jurisdictions and ethnic conflict management. Kyklos, 59, 63–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrschneider, R. (2002). The democracy deficit and mass support for a EU-wide government. American Journal of Political Science, 46, 463–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romer, P. (2010). Technologies, rules and progress. The case for charter cities. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senese, P. D., & Vasquez, J. A. (2008). The steps to war: An empirical study. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikorski, R., & Westerwelle, G. (2012). A new vision of Europe. New York Times, September 17.

  • Van den Bergh, R. (2000). Towards an international legal framework of regulating competition in Europe. Kyklos, 53, 435–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanberg, V. J. (2000). Functional federalism: Communal or individual rights? Kyklos, 53, 363–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanberg, V. J. (2011). Social dilemmas and self-organization in pre-defined and in self-selected groups. The Good Society, 20, 67–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanberg, V. J., & Kerber, W. (1994). Institutional competition among jurisdictions: An evolutionary approach. Constitutional Political Economy, 5, 193–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasquez, J. A. (2009). The war puzzle revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Vaubel, R. (1994). The public choice analysis of European integration: A survey. European Journal of Political Economy, 10, 227–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaubel, R. (2008). The political economy of labor market regulation in the European Union. Review of International Organization, 3, 435–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author is grateful for helpful remarks to Geoffrey Brennan, Roger Congleton, Lars Feld, Jana Gallus, Barbara Krug, Viktor Vanberg, Richard Wagner, and excellent comments by two referees.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruno S. Frey.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Frey, B.S. European unification: a new proposal. Const Polit Econ 24, 285–294 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-013-9147-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-013-9147-6

Keywords

JEL Classification

Navigation