Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Medicaid Expenditures for Fee-for-Service Enrollees with Behavioral Diagnoses: Findings from a 50 State Claims Analysis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Community Mental Health Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Medicaid is an important funder of care for individuals with behavioral (psychiatric and/or substance use) diagnoses, and expenditures will likely increase with expansion of services under the Affordable Care Act. This study provides national estimates of Medicaid expenditures using a comprehensive sample of fee-for-service Medicaid enrollees with behavioral diagnoses. Data for analysis came from 2003 to 2004 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) files for 50 states and the District of Columbia. Individuals with behavioral diagnoses had high rates of chronic medical comorbidities, and expenditures for medical (non-behavioral) diagnoses accounted for 74 % of their health care expenditures. Total Medicaid expenditure was approximately 15 billion dollars (equivalent to 18.91 billion in 2016 dollars) for individuals with any behavioral diagnosis. Medicaid fee-for-service beneficiaries with behavioral diagnoses have a high treated prevalence of individual medical comorbid conditions, and the majority of health care expenditures in these individuals are for medical, rather than behavioral health, services.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Buck, J. A. (2003). Medicaid, health care financing trends, and the future of state-based public mental health services. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D. C.), 54(7), 969–975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, J. A. (2011). The looming expansion and transformation of public substance abuse treatment under the affordable care act. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 30(8), 1402–1410. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for medicare and medicaid services (2016). CMS finalizes mental health and substance use disorder parity rule for medicaid and CHIP. Retrieved June 2, 2016, from https://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-releases/2016-Press-releases-items/2016-03-29.html.

  • Cournos, F., McKinnon, K., & Sullivan, G. (2005). Schizophrenia and comorbid human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(Suppl 6), 27–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. R., Wen, H., Ko, M., & Druss, B. G. (2014). Race/ethnicity and geographic access to medicaid substance use disorder treatment facilities in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(2), 190–196. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.3575.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De Hert, M., Correll, C. U., Bobes, J., Cetkovich-Bakmas, M., Cohen, D., Asai, I., et al. (2011). Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care. World Psychiatry, 10(1), 52–77. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Decker, S. L., Kostova, D., Kenney, G. M., & Long, S. K. (2013). Health status, risk factors, and medical conditions among persons enrolled in medicaid vs uninsured low-income adults potentially eligible for medicaid under the affordable care act. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 309(24), 2579–2586. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.7106.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Degenhardt, L., Whiteford, H. A., Ferrari, A. J., Baxter, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Hall, W. D., et al. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet, 382(9904), 1564–1574. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61530-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, B., Normand, S. L., Weiss, R. D., Drake, R. E., & Azeni, H. (2002). Medical morbidity, mental illness, and substance use disorders. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D. C.), 53(7), 861–867.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, E., McGuire, C. A., Thomas, J. W., & Thayer, D. A. (2014). Factors affecting costs in medicaid populations with behavioral health disorders. Medical Care, 52(Suppl 3), S60–66. doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000000075.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, J. J., Keck, P. E. Jr., Li, H., Jang, R., & Kelton, C. M. (2008). Treatment costs and health care utilization for patients with bipolar disorder in a large managed care population. Value In Health: The Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 11(3), 416–423. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00287.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, J. J., Keck, P. E., Li, H., & Patel, N. C. (2007). Treatment costs related to bipolar disorder and comorbid conditions among medicaid patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D. C.), 58(8), 1073–1078. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.58.8.1073.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Health and behavior: The Interplay of biological, behavioral, and societal influences. (2001). Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences.

  • Hennessy, S., Bilker, W. B., Weber, A., & Strom, B. L. (2003). Descriptive analyses of the integrity of a US medicaid claims database. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 12(2), 103–111. doi:10.1002/pds.765.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, P. B., El-Mallakh, P., Rayens, M. K., & Clark, J. J. (2007). Comorbid medical illnesses and perceived general health among adult recipients of medicaid mental health services. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 28(3), 255–274. doi:10.1080/01612840601172593.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D. R., Macias, C., Barreira, P. J., Fisher, W. H., Hargreaves, W. A., & Harding, C. M. (2004). Prevalence, severity, and co-occurrence of chronic physical health problems of persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D. C.), 55(11), 1250–1257. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.11.1250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kronick, R. G., Bella, M., & Gilmer, T. P. (2009). The faces of medicaid III: Refining the portrait of people with multiple chronic conditions. Trenton: Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc.

  • Lehnert, T., Heider, D., Leicht, H., Heinrich, S., Corrieri, S., Luppa, M., Konig, H. H., et al. (2011). Review: Health care utilization and costs of elderly persons with multiple chronic conditions. Medical Care Research and Review: MCRR, 68(4), 387–420. doi:10.1177/1077558711399580.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quan, H., Sundararajan, V., Halfon, P., Fong, A., Burnand, B., Luthi, J. C., et al. (2005). Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Medical Care, 43(11), 1130–1139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Razzano, L. A., Cook, J. A., Yost, C., Jonikas, J. A., Swarbrick, M. A., Carter, T. M., & Santos, A. (2015). Factors associated with co-occurring medical conditions among adults with serious mental disorders. Schizophrenia Research, 161(2–3), 458–464. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, S. D., Goodman, L. A., Osher, F. C., Swartz, M. S., Essock, S. M., Butterfield, M. I., et al. (2001). Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness. American Journal of Public Health, 91(1), 31–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, B. D., Kogan, J. N., & Sorbero, M. (2009). Substance abuse detoxification and residential treatment among medicaid-enrolled adults: Rates and duration of subsequent treatment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 104(1–2), 100–106. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.04.008.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, M. R., Waxmonsky, J. A., Gabow, P. A., Flanders-McGinnis, G., Socherman, R., & Rost, K. (2005). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and costs of care among adult enrollees in a medicaid HMO. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D. C.), 56(11), 1394–1401. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.11.1394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US Department of health and human services, health resources and services administration, bureau of health workforce. (2005). Area Health resources files (AHRF). Rockville, MD: Quality Resource Systems, Inc.

  • US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved June 2, 2016, from http://www.in2013dollars.com/.

Download references

Funding

Dr. Druss receives grant support from NIH Grant K24 MH075867.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martha C. Ward.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ward, M.C., Lally, C. & Druss, B.G. Medicaid Expenditures for Fee-for-Service Enrollees with Behavioral Diagnoses: Findings from a 50 State Claims Analysis. Community Ment Health J 53, 1–7 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-016-0032-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-016-0032-4

Keywords

Navigation