Abstract
Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based model to help people with serious mental illness achieve employment. This study examined variation in model adherence in small and large communities. We compared program-level ratings on a standardized 25-item IPS fidelity scale (range = 25–125) for 79 sites in eight states categorized by local community size. Programs in large and small communities achieved comparable fidelity scores (mean = 100 and 104, respectively). Fidelity-outcome correlations within the two groups were both of moderate size. As a practical guide, the IPS fidelity scale is suitable for use in both small and large communities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Bond, G. R., Nawaz, S., Haslett, W. R., & Martinez, R. A. (2011a). A mental health learning collaborative on supported employment. Psychiatric Services, 62(7), 704–706.
Becker, D. R., Lynde, D., & Swanson, S. J. (2008). Strategies for state-wide implementation of supported employment: The Johnson & Johnson-Dartmouth Community Mental Health Program. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(4), 296–299. doi:10.2975/31.4.2008.296.299.
Becker, D. R., Swanson, S. J., Bond, G. R., & Merrens, M. R. (2011b). Evidence-based supported employment fidelity review manual. Lebanon, NH: Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center.
Becker, D. R., Xie, H., McHugo, G., Halliday, J., & Martinez, R. A. (2006). What predicts supported employment program outcomes? Community Mental Health Journal, 42(3), 303–313.
Bond, G. R. (2009). Implementing evidence-based supported employment in rural areas. In Paper presented at the From the Bench to the Ranch, Denver, CO.
Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (2011). Measurement of fidelity of implementation of evidence-based practices: Case example of the IPS Fidelity Scale. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18, 126–141.
Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., & Vogler, K. M. (1997). A fidelity scale for the individual Placement and Support Model of supported employment. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 40(4), 265.
Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., & Becker, D. R. (2012a). Generalizability of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment outside the US. World Psychiatry, 11, 32–39.
Bond, G. R., McHugo, G., Becker, D. R., Rapp, C. A., & Whitley, R. (2008). Fidelity of supported employment: Lessons learned from the national evidence-based practice project. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(4), 300–305.
Bond, G. R., Peterson, A. E., Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (2012b). Validation of the revised Individual Placement and Support Fidelity Scale (IPS-25). Psychiatric Services, 63(8), 758–763.
Castro, F. G., Barrera, M., & Martinez, C. R. (2004). The cultural adaptation of prevention interventions: Resolving tensions between fidelity and fit. Prevention Science, 5(1), 41–45.
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.
Dusenbury, L., Brannigan, R., Falco, M., & Hansen, W. B. (2003). A review of research on fidelity of implementation: Implications for drug abuse prevention in school settings. Health Education Research, 18(2), 237–256.
Haslett, W. R., Drake, R. E., Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., & McHugo, G. J. (2011). Individual placement and support: Does rurality matter? American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 14, 237–244.
Marwaha, S., Johnson, S., Bebbington, P., Stafford, M., Angermeyer, M. C., & Brugha, T. (2007). Rates and correlates of employment in people with schizophrenia in the UK, France and Germany. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 30–37.
Mechanic, D., Bilder, S., & McAlpine, D. D. (2002). Employing persons with serious mental illness. Health Affairs, 21(5), 242–253.
Morrill, R., Cromartie, J., & Hart, G. (1999). Metropolitan, urban, and rural commuting areas: Toward a better depiction of the United States settlement system. Urban Geography, 20(8), 727–748.
Rabin, B. A., Brownson, R. C., Haire-Joshu, D., Kreuter, M. W., & Weaver, N. L. (2008). A glossary for dissemination and implementation research in health. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(2), 117–123.
Rosenheck, R. A., Leslie, D., Keefe, R., McEvoy, J., Swartz, M., Perkins, D., et al. (2006). Barriers to employment for people with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 411–417.
Rudnick, A., & Copen, J. (2013). Rural or remote psychiatric rehabilitation (rPSR). Psychiatric Services, 64(5), 495. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.640108.
Salkever, D. S., Karakus, M. C., Slade, E. P., Harding, C. M., Hough, R. L., Rosenheck, R. A., et al. (2007). Measures and predictors of community-based employment and earnings of persons with schizophrenia in a multisite study. Psychiatric Services, 58, 315–324.
Salyers, M. P., Bond, G. R., Teague, G. B., Cox, J. F., Smith, M. E., Hicks, M. L., et al. (2003). Is it ACT yet? Real-world examples of evaluating the degree of implementation for assertive community treatment. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 30, 304–320.
RUCA Data Version 2.0. Available from University of Washington Rural Health Research Center. http://depts.washington.edu/uwruca/ruca-data.php.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luciano, A., Bond, G.R., Drake, R.E. et al. Is High Fidelity to Supported Employment Equally Attainable in Small and Large Communities?. Community Ment Health J 50, 46–50 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-013-9687-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-013-9687-2