Abstract
The goal of this paper is to document and evaluate the process of implementing an evidence-based depression intervention in community settings through the use of community-academic partnered approaches. We discuss how and to what extent the goals of community engagement and collaborative planning were achieved in the intervention arm of the Community Partners in Care study that aimed to adapt evidence-based depression care toolkits for diverse agencies in Hollywood and South Los Angeles. We find that partnered research strategies have a potential to effectively engage community members around depression and involve them in intervention planning activities. Our results suggest that successful collaboration among diverse agencies requires that they understand what is expected of them, are comfortable with the role they choose to perform, and have organizational support to contribute to the project. To facilitate the development of collaborative relationships, time and effort should be devoted to explaining how collaboration among diverse agencies may take place.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Details on this and other intervention adaptations will be published separately.
References
Aarons, G. A., Hurlburt, M., & Horwitz, S. M. C. (2010). Advancing a conceptual model of evidence-based practice implementation in public service sectors. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38, 4–23.
Alegría, M., Chatterji, P., Wells, K., Cao, Z., Chen, C., Takeuchi, D., et al. (2008). Disparity in depression treatment among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. Psychiatric Services, 59(11), 1264–1272.
Bluthenthal, R. N., Jones, L., Fackler-Lowrie, N., Ellison, M., Booker, T., Jones, F., et al. (2006). Witness for Wellness: preliminary findings from a community-academic participatory research mental health initiative. Ethnicity and Disease, 16(1 Suppl 1), S18–S34.
Borowsky, S. J., Rubenstein, L. V., Meredith, L. S., Camp, P., Jackson-Triche, M., & Wells, K. B. (2000). Who is at risk of nondetection of mental health problems in primary care? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15(6), 381–388.
Buchanan, D. R., Miller, F. G., & Wallerstein, N. (2007). Ethical issues in community-based participatory research: balancing rigorous research with community participation in community intervention studies. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 1(2), 153–160.
Chung, B., Jones, L., Dixon, E. L., Miranda, J., & Wells, K. (2010a). Using a Community Partnered Participatory Research Approach to Implement a Randomized Controlled Trial: Planning the Design of Community Partners in Care. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 21(3), 780–795.
Chung, B., Jones, L., Terry, C., Jones, A., Forge, N., & Norris, K. C. (2010b). Story of Stone Soup: a recipe to improve health disparities. Ethnicity and Disease, 20(1 Suppl 2), 9–14.
Ettner, S. L., Kotlerman, J., Afifi, A., Vazirani, S., Hays, R. D., Shapiro, M., et al. (2006). An alternative approach to reducing the costs of patient care? A controlled trial of the multi-disciplinary doctor-nurse practitioner (MDNP) model. Medical Decision Making, 26(1), 9–17.
Glasgow, R. E., & Emmons, K. M. (2007). How can we increase translation of research into practice? Types of evidence needed. Annual Review of Public Health, 28, 413–433.
Glasgow, R. E., Lichtenstein, E., & Marcus, A. C. (2003). Why don’t we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1261–1267.
Gonzalez, H. M., Vega, W. A., Williams, D. R., Tarraf, W., West, B. T., & Neighbors, H. W. (2010). Depression care in the United States: too little for too few. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(1), 37–46.
Hawe, P., Shiell, A., & Riley, T. (2004). Complex interventions: how “out of control” can a randomised controlled trial be? British Medical Journal, 328(7455), 1561–1563.
Hohmann, A. A., & Shear, M. K. (2002). Community-based intervention research: coping with the “noise” of real life in study design. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(2), 201–207.
Institute of Medicine. (2006). Improving the quality of health care for mental and substance-use conditions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Israel, B., Schulz, A., Parker, E., & Becker, A. (2001). Community-based participatory research: policy recommendations for promoting a partnership approach in health research. Education for Health, 14(2), 182–197.
Jones, L. (2009). Preface: Community-partnered participatory research: how we can work together to improve community health. Ethnicity and Disease, 19(4 Suppl 6), S6-1-2.
Jones, L., & Wells, K. (2007). Strategies for academic and clinician engagement in community-participatory partnered research. JAMA, 297(4), 407–410. doi:10.1001/jama.297.4.407.
Jones, L., Wells, K., Norris, K., Meade, B., & Koegel, P. (2009). The vision, valley, and victory of community engagement. Ethnicity and Disease, 19(4, Suppl 6), S6-3–S6-7.
Katon, W., Russo, J., Von Korff, M., Lin, E., Simon, G., Bush, T., et al. (2002). Long-term effects of a collaborative care intervention in persistently depressed primary care patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 17(10), 741–748.
Katon, W., Von Korff, M., Lin, E., Walker, E., Simon, G. E., Bush, T., et al. (1995). Collaborative management to achieve treatment guidelines. Impact on depression in primary care. JAMA, 273(13), 1026–1031.
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., et al. (2003). The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA, 289(23), 3095–3105.
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.
Khodyakov, D., Mendel, P., Dixon, E., Jones, A., Masongsong, Z., & Wells, K. (2009). Community Partners in Care: Leveraging Community Diversity to Improve Depression Care for Underserved Populations. International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities and Nations, 9(2), 167–182.
Khodyakov, D., Pulido, E., Ramos, A., & Dixon, E. (in press). Community-partnered research conference model: The experience of community partners in care study. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action.
Khodyakov, D., Stockdale, S., Jones, F., Ohito, E., Jones, A., Lizaola, E., et al. (2011). An Exploration of the Effect of Community Engagement in Research on Perceived Outcomes of Partnered Mental Health Services Projects. Society and Mental Health, 1(3), 185–199.
Lenfant, C. (2003). Clinical Research to Clinical Practice—Lost in Translation? New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 868–874.
Lindamer, L., Lebowitz, B., Hough, R., Garcia, P., Aguirre, A., Halpain, M., et al. (2009). Establishing an implementation network: lessons learned from community-based participatory research. Implementation Science, 4(1), 17.
Lopez, A. D., Mathers, C. D., Ezzati, M., Jamison, D. T., & Murray, C. J. (2006). Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet, 367(9524), 1747–1757.
Los Angeles Country of Public Health (2009). Key indicators of health by Service Planning Area. Retrieved from http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/docs/keyindicators.pdf.
Mendel, P., Meredith, L., Schoenbaum, M., Sherbourne, C., & Wells, K. (2008). Interventions in organizational and community context: A framework for dissemination in health services research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 35(1–2), 21–37.
Mendel, P., Ngo, V. K., Dixon, E., Stockdale, S., Jones, F., Chung, B., et al. (2011). Partnered evaluation of a community engagement intervention: Use of a kickoff conference in a randomized trial for depression care improvement in underserved communities. Ethnicity and Disease, 21(Summer), S71-78–S71-88.
Minkler, M. (2010). Linking science and policy through community-based participatory research to eliminate health disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 100(S1), S81–S87.
Miranda, J., Duan, N., Sherbourne, C., Schoenbaum, M., Lagomasino, I., Jackson-Triche, M., et al. (2003). Improving care for minorities: can quality improvement interventions improve care and outcomes for depressed minorities? Results of a randomized, controlled trial. Health Services Research, 38(2), 613–630.
Neighbors, H. W., Caldwell, C., Williams, D. R., Nesse, R., Taylor, R. J., Bullard, K. M. K., et al. (2007). Race, ethnicity, and the use of services for mental disorders: results from the National Survey of American Life. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(4), 485–494.
Patel, K. K., Butler, B., & Wells, K. B. (2006). What is necessary to transform the quality of mental health care. Health Affairs, 25(3), 681–693.
Proctor, E. K., Landsverk, J., Aarons, G., Chambers, D., Glisson, C., & Mittman, B. (2009). Implementation research in mental health services: An emerging science with conceptual, methodological, and training challenges. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 36(1), 24–34.
Pyne, J. M., Bullock, D., Kaplan, R. M., Smith, T. L., Gillin, J. C., Golshan, S., et al. (2001). Health-related quality-of-life measure enhances acute treatment response prediction in depressed inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(4), 261–268.
Schoenwald, S. K., & Hoagwood, K. (2001). Effectiveness, transportability, and dissemination of interventions: What matters when? Psychiatric Services, 52(9), 1190–1197.
Sherbourne, C. D., Wells, K. B., Duan, N., Miranda, J., Unutzer, J., Jaycox, L., et al. (2001). Long-term effectiveness of disseminating quality improvement for depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(7), 696–703.
Stacciarini, J.-M., Shattell, M., Coady, M., & Wiens, B. (2011). Review: Community-based participatory research approach to address mental health in minority populations. Community Mental Health Journal, 47(5), 489–497.
Sullivan, G., Duan, N., Mukherjee, S., Kirchner, J., Perry, D., & Henderson, K. (2005). The role of services researchers in facilitating intervention research. Psychiatric Services (Washington, DC), 56(5), 537–542.
Unutzer, J., Katon, W., Callahan, C. M., Williams, J. W., Jr, Hunkeler, E., Harpole, L., et al. (2002). Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 288(22), 2836–2845.
Wallerstein, N., & Duran, B. (2010). Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: The intersection of science and practice to improve health equity. American Journal of Public Health, 100(S1), S40–S46.
Wandersman, A. (2003). Community science: Bridging the gap between science and practice with community-centered models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31(3), 227–242.
Wandersman, A., Duffy, J., Flaspohler, P., Noonan, R., Lubell, K., Stillman, L., et al. (2008). Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: The interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3), 171–181.
Wang, P. S., Berglund, P. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2003). Patterns and correlates of contacting clergy for mental disorders in the United States. Health Services Research, 38(2), 647–673.
Wang, P. S., Berglund, P., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005a). Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 603–613.
Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005b). Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 629–640.
Wells, K. B., Jones, L., Chung, B., Dixon, E., Tang, L., Gilmore, J., et al. (in press). Community-partnered cluster-randomized comparative effectiveness trial of community engagement and planning or resources for services to address depression disparities. Journal of General Internal Medicine.
Wells, K., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1999). Functioning and utility for current health of patients with depression or chronic medical conditions in managed, primary care practices. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(10), 897–904.
Wells, K., Sherbourne, C. D., Miranda, J., Tang, L., Benjamin, B., & Duan, N. (2007). The cumulative effects of quality improvement for depression on outcome disparities over 9 years: Results from a randomized, controlled group-level trial. Medical Care, 45(11), 1052–1059.
Wells, K., Sherbourne, C., Schoenbaum, M., Duan, N., Meredith, L., Unutzer, J., et al. (2000). Impact of disseminating quality improvement programs for depression in managed primary care: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 283(2), 212–220.
Wells, K., Sherbourne, C., Schoenbaum, M., Ettner, S., Duan, N., Miranda, J., et al. (2004). Five-year impact of quality improvement for depression: Results of a group-level randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(4), 378–386.
Wells, K., Stewart, A., Hays, R. D., Burnam, M. A., Rogers, W., Daniels, M., et al. (1989). The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA, 262(7), 914–919.
Wells, K., Tang, L., Miranda, J., Benjamin, B., Duan, N., & Sherbourne, C. D. (2008). The effects of quality improvement for depression in primary care at nine years: Results from a randomized, controlled group-level trial. Health Services Research, 43(6), 1952–1974.
Wiley-Exley, E. (2007). Evaluations of community mental health care in low-and middle-income countries: A 10-year review of the literature. Social Science and Medicine, 64(6), 1231–1241.
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (grant number 5R01MH078853 and P30 MH082760-01) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (grant number 64244). We thank the 25 participating agencies of the CPIC Council and their representatives: QueensCare Health and Faith Partnership; COPE Health Solutions; UCLA Center for Health Services and Society; Cal State University Dominquez Hills; RAND; Healthy African American Families II; Los Angeles Urban League; Los Angeles Christian Health Centers; Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health and West Central Mental Health Center; Homeless Outreach Program/Integrated Care System; National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) Urban Los Angeles; Behavioral Health Services, Inc.; Avalon Carver Community Center; USC Keck School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Kaiser Watts Counseling and Learning Center; People Assisting the Homeless; Children’s Bureau; Saban Free Clinic; New Vision Church of Jesus Christ; Jewish Family Services of Los Angeles; St. John’s Well Child and Family Center; Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science; City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks; To Help Everyone Clinic; QueensCare Family Clinics.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khodyakov, D., Sharif, M.Z., Dixon, E.L. et al. An Implementation Evaluation of the Community Engagement and Planning Intervention in the CPIC Depression Care Improvement Trial. Community Ment Health J 50, 312–324 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-012-9586-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-012-9586-y