Abstract
Highly migratory species pose unique conservation and management challenges, especially when significant mortality occurs away from breeding concentrations. Population genetics and genomics may help with the appropriate management of these species by (1) determining the population genetic structure of a species across its range, and (2) allowing the assignment of individuals to their breeding source. The northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis; Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) is a seabird species that breeds in colonies throughout the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans. This species ranges widely across ocean basins during the non-breeding season and is exposed to a variety of threats throughout the annual cycle. The impact of mortality during the nonbreeding season on individual breeding colonies is unknown but has important ramifications for conservation and management. In this study we used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to provide 6614 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate population genetic structure of northern fulmars using 127 individuals from six breeding colonies spanning the Atlantic. Additionally, birds of unknown breeding origin were sampled from two locations: (1) offshore in the Labrador Sea, and (2) the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait region (NAFO subarea 0), as bycatch in gillnets set for Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). We found weak genetic differentiation among breeding colonies, which we suggest reflects historical associations as well as contemporary gene flow among populations. Most bycatch birds were likely from nearby breeding colonies in the eastern Canadian Arctic, but the exact breeding origins were difficult to determine due to the lack of differentiation between colonies.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Code availability
All software used in this study is outlined throughout the Material and Methods section. Links are provided for custom scripts.
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Acknowledgements
Much of the sampling for this project occurred on the traditional territories of the Inuit people. Without the help and support of Inuit communities this project would have never been possible. We thank K. Elliot, M-J. Fortin, T. Gaston, and G. Gilchrist for helpful discussions about the project. R. Colautti, V. Walker, E. Jensen, P. Li, Y. Wu, C. Tschritter, A. Tigano, T. Birt, and the members of the Friesen Lab provided invaluable advice and support. The Centre for Applied Genomics conducted sequencing, and G. Liu, H. Schmider, and J. Stafford at the Centre for Applied Computing provided computing support. Jaypootee Aliqatuqtuq, John Aliqatuqtuq, H. Alookie, J. Alookie, U. Amarualik, Captain J. Angnatok, J. R. Angnatok, S. Aulaqiaq, S. Avery-Gomm, L. Bjørnsdatter Kn, M. Dam, R. Dickson, T. Gaston, C. Geoffroy, M. Gendron, D. Jeffrey, J. Kooneeliusie, P. Kooneeliusie, A. Kopalie, A-L. Kouwenberg, Captain L. Normore, M. Normore, M. O’Brian, B. Saimat, L. Shepard, J. Toomasie, the community of Qikiqtarjauq, the Nattivak Hunters’ and Trappers’ Organization, the Canadian Wildlife Service and the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research collected samples, and G. Savard, L. Dolgova, K. Ha, and B. Harkness facilitated sampling at the National Wildlife Research Centre tissue archive. Environment and Climate Change Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Strategic Projects), the Canadian Graduate Scholarships Program, the School of Graduate Studies, and the Queen’s Biology Department provided funding. The paper was improved by the valuable comments of two anonymous referees. Research conformed to a Queen’s UACC approved Animal Use Protocol.
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Environment and Climate Change Canada and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Strategic projects) provided funding to VLF and GJR. The Canadian Graduate Scholarships Program, the School of Graduate Studies, and the Queen’s Biology Department provided funding to LCN.
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LCN wrote the manuscript and performed analyses with input from VLF and RPF. VLF, JFP, MLM, GJR, and LCN conceived the study. VLF and GJR obtained funds for the project. ZS prepared RADseq libraries and developed the library preparation method used in this study. All authors commented on the manuscript.
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Research conformed to a Queen’s UACC approved Animal Use Protocol.
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Colston-Nepali, L., Provencher, J.F., Mallory, M.L. et al. Using genomic tools to inform management of the Atlantic northern fulmar. Conserv Genet 21, 1037–1050 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01309-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01309-y