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Genetic structure and diversity in the freshwater gastropod Chilina dombeiana in the Biobío River, Chile

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Abstract

In river ecosystems, spatial complexity as well as anthropogenic factors operating at different temporal and spatial scales are shaping demography, connectivity and population genetic structure of species inhabiting these habitats. Chilina dombeiana is a freshwater gastropod with direct development (absence of a free larval phase) that inhabits the Biobío river basin in Chile (36°S). No studies have yet evaluated the spatial patterns of the genetic diversity of this species and the potential factors that influence these patterns. Consequently, in this study, we analyzed the population genetics of C. dombeiana based on 15 locations along the Biobío river. Eight microsatellite loci were genotyped. Also, at each sampling site, 40 environmental parameters were recorded to characterize them. Results showed that C. dombeiana has low genetic variability with high population structure. In addition, we detected signs of historical decreases in effective population sizes, unidirectional gene flow (upstream to downstream) and contemporary demographic bottleneck. Spatial subdivisions in populations showed a pattern of isolation by distance. The redundancy analysis and variance partitioning showed that spatial components and dissolved oxygen could explain 28% of the interpopulation genetic variation, while the Random Forest analysis identified significant effects of dissolved oxygen, nitrite and total coliforms on the genetic variability of populations (22%). Although C. dombeiana is widely distributed in Chilean rivers, its low dispersal and specific habitat requirements make this species very sensitive to the severe increase in anthropogenic disturbances affecting river ecosystems in recent decades. Long-term monitoring of genetic population conditions and environmental parameters are needed to implement robust management and conservation policies.

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Data availability

The authors have made their original microsatellite and physico-chemical data available at the Open Science Framework under the https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HC8XY. The genetic (cGD) and hydrographic distances matrices are available on supplementary Material.

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Funding

This work was supported by the postdoctoral grant FONDECYT 3140561 to JB and FONDECYT 1170598 to AB.

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  1. Departamento de Formación Inicial, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile

    Jéssica Bórquez

  2. Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Ssma Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Antonio Brante

  3. Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales (EULA), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Claudio Valdovinos

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  1. Jéssica Bórquez
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Bórquez, J., Valdovinos, C. & Brante, A. Genetic structure and diversity in the freshwater gastropod Chilina dombeiana in the Biobío River, Chile. Conserv Genet 21, 1023–1036 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01308-z

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