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Population expansion, current and past gene flow in Gould’s petrel: implications for conservation

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Abstract

Seabird life-history traits such as long generation time, low annual fecundity and delayed sexual maturation make them more prone to population loss and consequently to extinction; petrels are indeed amongst the most threatened birds. Based on coalescence and multiloci inference this study examines the extent of genetic differentiation of a vulnerable New Caledonia (caledonica) and Australia (leucoptera) subspecies of Pterodroma leucoptera (Gould’s Petrel), and whether the genetic relationship between them results from the influence of past events like variation in sea level, or is dominated by contemporary gene flow. Sequences of two mitochondrial genes and five nuclear introns were obtained from 86 individuals from both populations. Haplotype networks were used to infer relationships between the haplotypes of both populations. The demographic history of the P. leucoptera complex was studied using neutrality tests and Extended Bayesian Skyline Plots. A weak population differentiation was revealed. The Extended Bayesian Skyline plot suggested a population expansion approximately 80,000 years before present (bp) for caledonica and 30,000 years bp for leucoptera. The split was dated to 30,000 years bp by means of multilocus inference through *BEAST. Despite genetic similarity of the two taxa, we advocate to consider them as independent units for conservation management, given their strong ecological distinctiveness (foraging distribution, winter distribution, breeding phenology and breeding distribution).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank T.P. Birt for alignment advice and primer dessign. We also thank to the Genome Québec Innovation Centre (McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada) for facilitating part of the sequencing of this work. We are also grateful to A. Gotscho and S.P. Tseng for discussions that improved the IM and EBSP analyses. For field work in New Caledonia, VB thanks I. Brun, M. Pandolfi and especially L. Renaudet and P. Villard. We thank A. Welch who helped to improve the manuscript, and P. Duncan for English corrections on a first draft. Thanks also go to the editors and referees for commenting on and correcting the manuscript. We also thank M. Guichard and E. Pante who provided critical assistance with the SuperMachine YMIR- Université de la Rochelle. Finally this work was supported by the Région Poitou–Charentes and Deux-Sèvres department, who funded AI-V PHD grant.

Authors contributions

VB, DP and NC collected the samples. VB, BG and AI-V conceived the research. SR, CR, BG and AI-V performed the laboratory work. AI-V analyzed the data, with the help of AC and BG. AI-V and VB wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France

    A. Iglesias-Vasquez, B. Gangloff, S. Ruault, C. Ribout & V. Bretagnolle

  2. Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW, 2220, Australia

    D. Priddel & N. Carlile

  3. Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada

    V. L. Friesen

  4. Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology, Natural History Museum of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 6, Geneva, Switzerland

    A. Cibois

  5. Service de Systématique Moléculaire, UMS 2700 OMSI, MNHN – CNRS, 75005, Paris, France

    B. Gangloff

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  1. A. Iglesias-Vasquez
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  2. B. Gangloff
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Correspondence to A. Iglesias-Vasquez.

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Iglesias-Vasquez, A., Gangloff, B., Ruault, S. et al. Population expansion, current and past gene flow in Gould’s petrel: implications for conservation. Conserv Genet 18, 105–115 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0886-6

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