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Morphological, molecular and statistical tools to identify Castanea species and their hybrids

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate, in relation to reference samples, the genetic structure of several natural Castanea populations of unknown origin and of hybrids from the clone collection of the Lourizán Forest Research Center. A total of 115 individuals sampled from four Castanea sativa stands located in the northwest of Spain, 61 Castanea crenata individuals and 27 Castanea mollissima individuals were classified on the basis of four morphological traits, and genotyped with 11 microsatellite loci to define a set of reference samples. The data analyzed with the program STRUCTURE detected four clusters: the two Asiatic species and two clusters in C. sativa. From these reference samples, pure individuals and hybrids of known genealogy were simulated to determine the efficiency with which STRUCTURE and NEWHYBRIDS assigned them to pure or hybrid groups and to a specific genealogical class, respectively. As expected, the discrimination and assignment of the simulated individuals improved with increasing F st value. The two clusters identified within C. sativa may correspond to gene pools with different adaptive characteristics previously identified in provenance tests; pure and admixed populations of both C. sativa gene pools were identified.

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Abbreviations

BC(Cc):

Backcross to Castanea crenata

BC(Cm):

Backcross to Castanea mollissima

BC(Cs):

Backcross to Castanea sativa

BC(NCs):

Backcross to Northern cluster of Castanea sativa

BC(SCs):

Backcross to Southern cluster of Castanea sativa

Cc:

Castanea crenata

Cm:

Castanea mollissima

F st :

Inbreeding coefficient

F1 :

First filial generation

F2 :

Second filial generation

K :

Number of clusters

LnP(K):

Posterior probability of the data for a given K

N :

Number of individuals

NCs:

Northern cluster of Castanea sativa

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

SCs:

Southern cluster of Castanea sativa

ΔK :

An ad hoc quantity based on the second-order rate of change of the likelihood function with respect to K

π:

Type of prior in use for the mixing proportions in NEWHYBRIDS

θ:

Type of prior in use for the allele frequencies in NEWHYBRIDS

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the following research projects: “El origen evolutivo y caracterización del castaño europeo en la Galicia Atlántica-PGIDIT07PXIB502128PR” (IN.CI.TE. Xunta de Galicia) and “Estructura genética de las poblaciones de castaño (C. sativa Miller)-RTA2009-00163-00-00” (INIA. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación). We thank Paula Barreiro Filgueira for assistance in the laboratory.

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  1. Centro de Investigación Forestal de Lourizán, Carretera de Marín Km. 4, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain

    J. Fernández-Cruz & J. Fernández-López

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  1. J. Fernández-Cruz
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  2. J. Fernández-López
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Correspondence to J. Fernández-López.

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Fernández-Cruz, J., Fernández-López, J. Morphological, molecular and statistical tools to identify Castanea species and their hybrids. Conserv Genet 13, 1589–1600 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0408-0

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