Abstract
Beetles comprise nearly one quarter of described species and show high levels of morphological and ecological diversification. Because of their wide distribution, ease of detection, and correlation of species richness patterns with other taxa, tiger beetles have been recommended for use as a global indicator of regional biodiversity, requiring accurate taxonomic designations. The Bruneau Dune tiger beetle (Cicindela waynei), whose habitat consists of an isolated dune field in southern Idaho, was recently described as a distinct species from the St. Anthony Dunes tiger beetle (C. arenicola) based on morphological characteristics. While these characteristics include distinct differences in genital morphology that could indicate intrinsic reproductive isolation, morphological characteristics have sometimes been misleading in tiger beetle taxonomy. To evaluate genetic support for this species designation, we analyzed 1,751 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA sequence from 147 tiger beetles collected throughout the range of both C. arenicola and C. waynei. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses indicated monophyly for C. waynei on a well-supported, short branch nested within C. arenicola. Bayesian species delimitation analyses strongly supported C. waynei as a distinct species (speciation probability = 1.0) with the estimated time of divergence ca. 14,500–67,000 years ago. This lack of reciprocal monophyly and recency of speciation is consistent with C. waynei as a member of an evolutionary front where speciation has occurred at a rapid rate. Mitochondrial sequence data supports the species designation of C. waynei, emphasizing the need to determine appropriate management for this species and its restricted habitat.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Ross Winton for sharing samples, Rob Cavallaro, Kevin Church, Suzin Romin, and Tim Weekley for assisting with field collection, and Mary Sterling for laboratory work. We also thank Dr. Ziheng Yang for suggestions regarding the species delimitation analyses with BP&P. Funding for this project was provided by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Grant E-50-1 to the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Alfried Vogler for helpful comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. This is contribution 1064 of the University of Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station.
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Goldberg, C.S., Tank, D.C., Uribe-Convers, S. et al. Species designation of the Bruneau Dune tiger beetle (Cicindela waynei) is supported by phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Conserv Genet 13, 373–380 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0295-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0295-9