Abstract
Latinos comprise a diverse ethnic group in the United States, yet central concepts describing Latinos persist. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree to which Latinos agree with the statements found in the marriage and family therapy (MFT) literature used to describe Latinos and Latino families, as well as their help-seeking attitudes and experiences. Research questions were derived from five constructs used to describe Latinos: familism, personalism, sense of hierarchy, spiritualism, and fatalism (Ho in Family therapy with ethnic minorities. Sage, Newbury, CA, 1987; Ho et al. in Family therapy with ethnic minorities, (2nd ed.). Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2004). Overall, participants agreed with most of the statements pertaining to familism and personalism. However, mixed results were found for the constructs related to sense of hierarchy, spiritualism, and fatalism, as well as for participants’ help-seeking attitudes and behaviors. Latinos in this sample sought mental health professionals. However, MFTs were not sought as frequently as psychiatrists, psychologists, and clergy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American psychological association. Washington, D.C.
Bean, R. A., Perry, B. J., & Bedell, T. M. (2001). Developing culturally competent marriage and family therapists: Guidelines for working with Hispanic families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 27, 43–54.
Bermúdez, J. M. (1997). Experiential tasks and therapist bias awareness. Contemporary Family Therapy, 19(2), 253–267.
Bernal, G., & Gutierrez, M. (1988). Cubans. In L. Comas-Diaz & E. E. Griffith (Eds.), Clinicalguidelines in cross-cultural mental health (pp. 233–253). New York: Wiley.
Boyd-Franklin, N., & Garcia-Preto, N. (1994). Family therapy: A closer look at African American and Hispanic women. In L. Comas-Diaz & B. Greene (Eds.), Women of color: Integrating ethnic and gender identities in psychotherapy (pp. 239–264). New York: The Guilford Press.
Cobas, J., & Duany, J. (1995). Los Cubanos en Puerto Rico: Economia, etnia, e identidad cultural. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad Puerto Rico.
Comas-Díaz, L. (1992). The future of psychotherapy with ethnic minorities. Psychotherapy, 29(1), 88–94.
Comas-Díaz, L. (1993). Hispanic Latino communities: Psychological implications. In D. R. Atkinson, G. Morten, & D. W. Sue (Eds.), Counseling American minorities: A cross cultural perspective (pp. 245–263). Madison, Wisconsin: Brown & Benchmark.
Comas-Díaz, L. (1995). Latino communities: Psychological implications. In D. R. Atkinson, G. Morten, & D. W. Sue (Eds.), Counseling American minorities: A cross cultural perspective (pp. 245–263). Madison, Wisconsin: Brown & Benchmark.
DeBlassie, R. R. (1976). Counseling with Mexican American youth: Preconceptions and processes. Austin, TX: Learning Concepts, Inc.
Delgado, M. (1988). Groups in Puerto Rican spiritism: Implications for clinicians. In C. Jacobs & D. D. Bowles (Eds.), Ethnicity and race: Critical concepts in social work (pp. 34–47). Silver Spring, MS: National Association of Social Workers.
Domenech-Rodriguez, M., & Wieling, E. (2005). Developing culturally appropriate, evidence- based treatments for interventions with ethnic minority populations. In M. Rastogi & E. Weiling (Eds.), Voices of color: First-person accounts of ethnic minority therapists (pp. 313–333). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Falicov, C. J. (1998). Latino families in therapy: A guide to multicultural practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Falicov, C. J. (2006). Family organization: The safety net of close and extended kin. In R. L. Smith & R. E. Montilla (Eds.), Counseling and family therapy with Latino Populations: Strategies that work (pp. 41–62). New York: Routeldge; Taylor & Francis Group.
Flores, M. T., & Carey, G. (2000). Family therapy with Latinos: Toward appreciating diversity. Needham, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Garcia-Preto, N. (1990). Latino mothers. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 2(2), 15–23.
Garcia-Preto, N. (1996a). Latino families: An overview. In M. McGoldrick, J. K. Pearce, & J. Giordano (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (2nd ed., pp. 141–154). New York: The Guilford Press.
Garcia-Preto, N. (1996b). Puerto Rican families. In M. McGoldrick, J. K. Pearce, & J. Giordano (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (2nd ed., pp. 183–199). New York: The Guilford Press.
Hernandez, M. (1996). Central American families. In M. McGoldrick, J. K. Pearce, & J. Giordano (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (2nd ed., pp. 214–224). New York: The Guilford Press.
Ho, M. K. (1987). Family therapy with ethnic minorities. Newbury, CA: Sage.
Ho, M. K., Rasheed, J. M., & Rasheed, M. N. (2004). Family therapy with ethnic minorities (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Inclan, J. (1990). Understanding Latino families: Curriculum outline. Journal of Strategic and Systemic Therapies, 9(3), 64–82.
Korin, E. C. (1996). Brazilian Families. In M. McGoldrick, J. K. Pearce, & J. Giordano (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (2nd ed., pp. 200–213). New York: The Guilford Press.
Laird, J. (1998). Theorizing culture: Narrative ideas and practice principles. In M. McGoldrick (Ed.), Re-visioning family therapy: Race, color, and gender in clinical practice (pp. 20–36). New York: Guilford Press.
McGoldrick, M. (Ed.). (1998). Re-visioning family therapy: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
McGoldrick, M., Giordano, J., & Pearce, J. K. (Eds.). (1996). Ethnicity and family therapy (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
McGoldrick, M., Preto, N. G., Hines, P. M., & Lee, E. (1991). Ethnicity and family therapy. In A. S. Gurman & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy (Vol. 2). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Ramos-McKay, J. M., Comas-Diaz, L., & Rivera, L. A. (1988). Puerto Ricans. In L. Comas-Diaz & E. E. Griffith (Eds.), Clinical guidelines in cross-cultural mental health (pp. 204–232). New York: Wiley.
Ross, C. E., Mirowsky, J., & Cockerham, W. C. (1983). Social class, Mexican culture, and fatalism: Their effects on psychological distress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 383–399.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80 (1, Whole No. 609).
Stevens, E. (1973). Marianismo: The other face at machismo. In A. Pescatello (Ed.), Female and male in Latin America. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (1990). Counseling the culturally different: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Szapocznik, J., Rio, A., Murray, E., Cohen, R., Scopetta, M., Rivas-Vasquez, A., et al. (1989). Structural family versus psychodynamic child therapy for problematic Hispanic boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 571–578.
Taylor, B. A., Gambourg, M. B., Rivera, M., & Laureano, D. (2006). Constructing cultural competence: Perspectives of family therapists working with Latino families. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 34, 429–445.
Vasquez, M. J. T. (1994). Latinas. In L. Comas-Díaz & B. Greene (Eds.), Women of Color: Integrating ethnic and gender identities in Psychotherapy (pp. 114–138). New York: The Guilford Press.
Young, K. S. (2000). Barriers to counseling Mexicans and other Hispanics compared with non- Hispanic Whites. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge Celia Jaes Falicov, Lillian Comas-Diaz, Nydia Garcia-Preto, and Man Keung Ho for their invaluable contributions to the MFT literature specific to Latino couples and families in therapy. They continue to be a source of inspiration.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maria Bermúdez, J., Kirkpatrick, D.R., Hecker, L. et al. Describing Latinos Families and Their Help-Seeking Attitudes: Challenging the Family Therapy Literature. Contemp Fam Ther 32, 155–172 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-009-9110-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-009-9110-x