Skip to main content
Log in

Enhanced time-sensitive networking configuration detection using optimized BPNN with feature selection for industry 4.0

  • Published:
Cluster Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the advancement of Industry 4.0, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) has become essential for ensuring prompt and reliable data transmission. As an augmentation of Ethernet, TSN aims to supply services capable of low latency, minimal jitter, and low packet loss for urgent data in decentralized, user-oriented networks. Efficient detection techniques are integral to TSN for swiftly determining the practicability of network configurations, as existing schedulability analysis proves insufficient. This paper delves into the potential of backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) in schedulability analysis efficiency. We optimize BPNN using spearman correlation feature selection combined with a voting ensemble method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), forming two models: Spearman-Vote-BPNN and Spearman-PSO-BPNN. Testing on 5,000 network configurations in computer simulations, both models demonstrated high generalization accuracy, around 97.4%. Spearman-Vote-BPNN achieved the fastest training speed at 0.63 s and an accuracy of 98.2%. Meanwhile, Spearman-PSO-BPNN showed the highest accuracy (98.5%) with the quickest detection speed (5.6 ms). The outcomes of this research significantly advance the efficacy and precision of TSN network configuration detection and establish a formidable groundwork for future scholarly pursuits in this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

References

  1. Jeschke, S., Brecher, C., Song, H., et al.: Industrial Internet of Things. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2017)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Luís, S., et al.: On the adequacy of SDN and TSN for Industry 4.0. In: 2019 IEEE 22nd international symposium on real-time distributed computing (ISORC), pp. 43–51 (2019)

  3. Gang, W., et al.: Time-sensitive networking for industrial automation: challenges, opportunities, and directions. ArXiv abs/2306.03691 (2023)

  4. Hassani, V., et al.: Timing analysis and response time of end to end packet delivery in switched Ethernet network. In: 2007 European Control Conference (ECC), pp. 31–37 (2007)

  5. Farkas, J., et al.: Time-sensitive networking standards. IEEE Commun. Stand. Mag. 2, 20–21 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. IEEE, Time-sensitive networking task group, http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/tsn.html (2020)

  7. IEEE.: IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks–Bridges and Bridged Networks (IEEE Std 802.1Q-2018 ed.) (2018)

  8. Ahlem, M., et al.: FactoRing: Asynchronous TSN-compliant Network with low bounded Jitters for Industry 4.0. In: 2021 26th IEEE international conference on emerging technologies and factory automation (ETFA) pp. 1–8 (2021)

  9. Navet, N., Mai, T., Migge, J.: Using machine learning to speed up the design space exploration of ethernet TSN networks, Tech. rep., University of Luxembourg (2019)

  10. Imran, A., et al.: From artificial intelligence to explainable artificial intelligence in industry 4.0: A survey on what, how, and where. In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics vol. 18, pp. 5031–5042 (2022)

  11. Mai, T.L., et al.: On the use of supervised machine learning for assessing schedulability: application to ethernet TSN. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (2019)

  12. Mai, T.L., Navet, N.: Deep learning to predict the feasibility of priority-based ethernet network configurations. ACM Trans. Cyber Phys. Syst. 5(4), 1–26 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Battaglia, P.W., et al.: Relational inductive biases, deep learning, and graph networks. ArXiv abs/1806.01261 (2018)

  14. Li, J., et al.: Brief introduction of back propagation (BP) neural network algorithm and its improvement. In: Jin, D., Lin, S. (eds.) Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering, vol. 169. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sagi, O., Rokach, L.: Ensemble learning: A survey. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Data Mini. Knowl. Discov. 8(4), e1249 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang, C., et al.: RSSI-based node selection using neural network parameterised by particle swarm optimisation. Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput. 37, 180–189 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang, M., et al.: Machine learning for networking: Workflow, advances and opportunities. IEEE Network 32(2), 92–99 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Jörn, M., et al.: Insights on the Performance and Configuration of AVB and TSN in Automotive Ethernet Networks (2018)

  19. Kramer, O.: Dimensionality reduction with unsupervised nearest neighbors, vol. 51. Springer, Berlin (2013)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. Mai, T. L., Navet, N., & Migge, J.: A hybrid machine learning and schedulability analysis method for the verification of TSN networks. In 2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) (pp. 1-8). IEEE (2019)

  21. Mai, T.L., Machine Learning in the Design Space Exploration of TSN Networks (2022)

  22. Steinley, D.: K-means clustering: a half-century synthesis. Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol. 59(1), 1–34 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Long Mai, T., Navet, N.: Improvements to deep-learning-based feasibility prediction of switched ethernet network configurations. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (pp. 89-99) (2021)

  24. RealTime-at-Work, RTaW-Pegase. Modeling, Simulation and Automated Configuration of Communication Networks.

  25. Spearman, C.: The proof and measurement of association between two things. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39(5), 1137–1150 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hauke, J., Kossowski, T.: Comparison of values of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients on the same sets of data. Quaestiones Geographicae 30(2), 87–93 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Navet, N., Migge, J.: Insights into the performance and configuration of TCP in automotive Ethernet networks. In: 2018 IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day, London (2018)

  28. Kolmogorov, A.N.: On the representation of continuous functions of many variables by superposition of continuous functions of one variable and addition. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 114(5), 953–956 (1957)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Glorot, X., Bengio, Y.: Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 249–256 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  30. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., et al.: Delving deep into rectifiers: surpassing human-level performance on imagenet classification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp. 1026–1034 (2015)

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by scientific research projects funded by Changzhou University (ZMF22020117, Research on real-time public security service based on software defined wireless sensor networks), scientific research projects funded by Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX23_3072, TSN Configuration Detection with feature selection and Optimized Machine Learning Algorithm), and cooperative project funded by Jiangsu Wantai Motor Co., Ltd (KYH23020487, Development on standardization system of efficient intelligent manufacturing for motor industry).

Funding

Funding was provided by Changzhou University (Grant No. ZMF22020117), Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. KYCX23_3072), and Jiangsu Wantai Motor Co., Ltd (Grant No. KYH23020487).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

All authors made substantive contributions to the conception and design of this research. C.W., L.C. and C.T. proposed the idea of this work and designed the research. C.W. and L.C. designed the study and wrote the manuscript. Y.W. and L.C. executed simulations that are central to our findings and conclusions. C.T., Y.X. and Y.Z. was instrumental in collecting the dataset, which forms the basis of our analysis and discussion. H.X. and Z.H. revisedd the manuscript and offered constructive suggestions. C.W. and L.C. prepared all the figures and tables. All authors reviewed and agreed to the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhan Huan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, C., Chen, L., Tang, C. et al. Enhanced time-sensitive networking configuration detection using optimized BPNN with feature selection for industry 4.0. Cluster Comput (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04493-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04493-5

Keywords

Navigation