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A BERT-based recommender system for secure blockchain-based cyber physical drug supply chain management

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A Correction to this article was published on 19 July 2023

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Abstract

Drug Supply Chain Management (DSCM) can be one of the most affected streams in healthcare due to pandemics. The delivery of medicine to patients through DSCM is a complex process. Also, DSCM has several challenges, including counterfeiting, fraud, and the availability of medicine. Therefore, there is a need for security and intelligence strategies to remove pharmaceutical fraud, which remains a significant challenge since ensuring fair and secure access to medicine, services, and assistance is essential in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)-based DSCM. The existing CPS-based DSCM systems do, however, have some limitations in security, intelligence, planning, scheduling, quality, and logistics. This paper proposes a secure drug supply chain management framework that can acheive more security and intelligence via machine learning models. The proposed framework utilizes Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based and machine learning-based attack detection modules to provide more intelligence and security in blockchain-based DSCM. Evaluation results show that BERT-based recommender systems ideally suggest appropriate alternative drugs that are close to \(99\%\) similar to the prescribed medication based on public datasets. Moreover, attack detection in the proposed framework provides significant accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure results in threat detection (phishing, scamming, and abnormal transactions) in the blockchain layer\(.\)

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Funding

The authors have not disclosed any funding.

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Author notes

  1. Elnaz Rabieinejad, Tahereh Hasani, and Gautam Srivastava have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cyber Science Lab, School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada

    Abbas Yazdinejad & Elnaz Rabieinejad

  2. Lang School of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada

    Tahereh Hasani

  3. Department of Math and Computer Science, Brandon University, Manitoba, Canada

    Gautam Srivastava

  4. Department of Computer Science and Math, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Gautam Srivastava

  5. Research Centre for Interneural Computing, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Gautam Srivastava

Authors
  1. Abbas Yazdinejad
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  2. Elnaz Rabieinejad
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  3. Tahereh Hasani
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  4. Gautam Srivastava
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Contributions

Conceptualization: AY; Methodology: AY and ER.; Validation: TH; Writing - Original Draft: AY., ER., TH., GS; Writing - Review & Editing: AY., ER., TH., GS; Supervision: GS.

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Correspondence to Gautam Srivastava.

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Yazdinejad, A., Rabieinejad, E., Hasani, T. et al. A BERT-based recommender system for secure blockchain-based cyber physical drug supply chain management. Cluster Comput 26, 3389–3403 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-023-04088-6

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