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A bi-level optimization for an HVAC system

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Abstract

Improving the control strategy of an heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system can result in substantial energy saving. In this paper, we formulate the whole HVAC system to a bi-level optimization problem to minimize the energy consumption of the HVAC system and maximize the satisfaction of indoor human comfort. The hierarchical evolutionary algorithm with preliminary feasibility conditions and crude energy index is proposed to find the good-quality control strategy of the HVAC system. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method and show the performance of the obtained control strategy.

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Abbreviations

E :

Energy consumption

CE :

Crude energy index

N :

Number

G :

Flow rate

Q :

Heat or cooling load

K :

Opening value of valve

f :

Frequency

T :

Temperature

H :

Humidity

CO2:

Carbon dioxide concentration

b :

Computation coefficient

\(\theta \) :

Blind angle

W :

Opening value of window

COP :

Coefficient of performance

vc :

Objection function value of lower level problem

ve :

Objection function value of upper level problem

k :

Time k

Upper :

Upper bound

Lower :

Lower bound

set :

Set point

air :

Air

cw :

Condensing water

chw :

Chilled water

ct :

Cooling tower

c :

Chiller

pump :

Pump

coil :

Fan coil

in :

Inlet of component

out :

Outlet of component

ind :

Indoor

u :

Upper level

l :

Lower level

room :

Room

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation (U1301254) and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0901902).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China

    Luping Zhuang, Xi Chen & Xiaohong Guan

  2. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Xiaohong Guan

Authors
  1. Luping Zhuang
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  2. Xi Chen
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  3. Xiaohong Guan
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Correspondence to Xi Chen.

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Zhuang, L., Chen, X. & Guan, X. A bi-level optimization for an HVAC system. Cluster Comput 20, 3237–3249 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-017-1050-x

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