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The contribution of platelets to intravascular arrest, extravasation, and outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells

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Abstract

Platelets are primarily known for their contribution to hemostasis and subsequent wound healing. In addition to these functions, platelets play a role in the process of metastasis. Since the first study that suggested a metastasis-promoting function for platelets was published in 1968, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain how platelets contribute to the metastatic process. These include roles in the intravascular arrest of tumor cells, in tumor cell transendothelial migration, in the degradation of basement membrane barriers, in migration and invasion at the metastatic site, and in the proliferation of disseminated tumor cells. Nevertheless, conflicting observations about the role of platelets in these processes have also been reported. Here, we review the in vivo evidence that supports a role for platelets in metastasis formation, propose several scenarios for the contribution of platelets to tumor cell arrest and transendothelial migration, and discuss the evidence that platelets contribute to metastatic invasion and outgrowth.

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Notes

  1. For the sake of semantic clarity, the terms "lodged", "adhered", "entrapped" and "arrested" will be used as defined here: "lodged" refers to a situation in which tumor cells get stuck due to a vessel diameter so narrow that the tumor cell cannot pass. "adhered" refers to a scenario in which tumor cells interact with the endothelium, and remain at their position due to direct molecular interaction with the endothelium. This is especially the case when the diameter of a vessel exceeds the diameter of a tumor cell. The terms "entrapped" and "arrested" can be applied for both of the described scenarios, and are therefore less precise.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, ECAS, 68167, Mannheim, Germany

    Amelia Foss, Jonathan Sleeman & Wilko Thiele

  2. KIT Campus Nord, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Leonel Muñoz-Sagredo, Jonathan Sleeman & Wilko Thiele

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valparaiso, 2341369, Valparaiso, Chile

    Leonel Muñoz-Sagredo

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  1. Amelia Foss
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Foss, A., Muñoz-Sagredo, L., Sleeman, J. et al. The contribution of platelets to intravascular arrest, extravasation, and outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 37, 47–67 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-019-10009-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-019-10009-y

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