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Over-sulfated glycosaminoglycans are alternative selectin ligands: insights into molecular interactions and possible role in breast cancer metastasis

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Abstract

Distant metastasis account for about 90 % of cancer associated deaths, and yet the oncology field is cruelly lacking tools to accurately predict and/or prevent metastasis. Distant metastasis occurs when circulating tumor cells interact with the endothelium of distant organs and extravasate from the blood vessel into the surrounding tissue. Selectins are a family of carbohydrate receptors well depicted for their role in tumor cells extravasation. They mediate primary interactions of cancer cells with endothelial cells, as well as secondary interactions with leucocytes and platelets, which are also promoting metastasis. The cancer associated carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Lewis x (sLex) has been repeatedly shown to be involved, as selectin ligand, in these interactions. However, recent studies have highlighted that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), another class of glycans, may also serve as ligands for selectins. We report herein that cancer-associated GAGs are differentially recognized by selectins according to their density of sulfation and the pH conditions of the binding. We also show that these parameters regulate platelets-cancer cells heterotypic aggregation, supporting the idea that GAGs may have pro-metastatic function. Combining our experimental results with in depth analyses of molecular dockings, we propose a model of GAG/selectin interactions robust enough to recapitulate the differential binding of selectins to GAGs, the competition between GAGs and sLex for selectin binding and the effect of sub-physiological pH on GAGs affinities towards selectins. Altogether, our data suggest GAGs to be good ligands for selectins, potentially promoting distant metastasis in a complementary way to sLex.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank Pr. Christophe Biot and Pr. Xuefen Le Bourhis for fruitful scientific advising and proof-reading. This work was supported by CNRS and Université de Lille1. SJ is supported by the comité du Doubs de La Ligue contre le Cancer and the GEFLUC (Groupement des Entreprises Françaises pour la LUtte contre le Cancer), PD is supported by le comité de l’Aisne de La Ligue contre le Cancer and the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (Grant n° 7936 and 5023).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 147, Université Lille Nord de France–Université des Sciences et Technologies, Bat C9 Université Lille 1, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

    Pierre Martinez, Gérard Vergoten, Florent Colomb, Marie Bobowski, Agata Steenackers, Mathieu Carpentier, Fabrice Allain, Philippe Delannoy & Sylvain Julien

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  1. Pierre Martinez
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  2. Gérard Vergoten
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  3. Florent Colomb
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  9. Sylvain Julien
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Correspondence to Sylvain Julien.

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Martinez, P., Vergoten, G., Colomb, F. et al. Over-sulfated glycosaminoglycans are alternative selectin ligands: insights into molecular interactions and possible role in breast cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 30, 919–931 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-013-9592-7

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