The in vitro and in vivo experimental evidences disclose the chemopreventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cancer invasion and metastasis

Clinical & Experimental Metastasis volume 27, pages361–369(2010)Cite this article

Abstract

The Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst, an edible mushroom, has been utilized for centuries in East Asia to prevent or treat various diseases and to reduce the likelihood of cancer invasion and metastasis. The primary bioactive compounds are commonly considered to be polysaccharides and triterpenoids. Evidence that G. lucidum extract and its bioactive compounds may have a potential inhibitory effect on cancer invasion and metastasis is increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. This review assembles and summarizes past publications on the in vitro and in vivo effects of G. lucidum on cancer invasion and metastasis, and concludes that these effects occur through modulation of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) or Akt kinase (protein kinase B). Activation of these kinases subsequently inhibits the activity or expression of activator protein-1(AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), resulting in the down-regulation of urokinase plaminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-8, inducible nitric oxide (NO) and β1-integrin as shown in various cell lines or animal models. G. lucidum may be an effective nutraceutical used in the prevention of cancer metastasis. To further elucidate the bioactive components present in G. lucidum and the anti-metastatic mechanisms underlying these compounds, more in vitro and in vivo tests as well as clinical trials are necessary.

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Abbreviations

Akt kinase:

Protein kinase B

AP-1:

Activator protein-1

CAM:

Chick chorioallantoic membrane assay

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ERK1/2:

Extracellular signal regulated kinase

GLE:

G. lucidum extract

GLPP:

G. lucidum polysaccharides peptide

GTE:

Green tea extract

IL:

Interleukin

LLC:

Lewis lung carcinoma

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MT-1 MMP:

Membrane type 1-MMP

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

NO:

Nitric oxide

PI 3-kinase:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PMA:

Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate

TGF-β1:

Transforming growth factor-β1

Th1:

T-helper type 1

uPA:

Urokinase plaminogen activator

uPAR:

uPA receptor

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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  1. Graduate Institute of Applied Science of Living, Tainan University of Technology, 529 Jhongjheng Road, Yongkang, Tainan, 71002, Taiwan

    Chia-Jui Weng

  2. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan

    Gow-Chin Yen

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  1. Chia-Jui Weng
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Weng, CJ., Yen, GC. The in vitro and in vivo experimental evidences disclose the chemopreventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cancer invasion and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 27, 361–369 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-010-9334-z

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Keywords

  • Anti-invasion
  • Anti-metastasis
  • Ganoderma lucidum
  • Polysaccharides
  • Triterpenoids