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Modification of an in vivo Lung Metastasis Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Low Dose N-nitrosomorpholine and Diethylnitrosamine

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Abstract

Previously, we established the in vivo lung metastasis model of rat HCC induced by two hepatocarcinogens, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) at a dose of 120 ppm. This model allows us to investigate modifying factors leading to the inhibition of metastasis formation. However, low survival rates made the evaluation of metastasis formation difficult. The current experiments were conducted to modify the experimental protocol to improve survival and to establish a better animal metastasis model. Lower doses of NMOR (80 or 40 ppm in drinking water) were given to F344 rats for 14 weeks after DEN treatment. Survival rates in the 80 ppm group and in the 40 ppm group were 57% and 81%, respectively and these values were significantly higher than that in 120 ppm. Incidences of lung metastasis in the 40 ppm group steadily increased up to 67% by week 36 while that in the 80 ppm increased sharply up to 86% by week 24. Severity of lung metastases in the 40 ppm group at week 36 was mild compared with the 80 ppm group at week 24. In the second experiment, in order to characterize HCC development and lung metastasis in the 40 ppm group, rats given DEN and then followed with 40 ppm NMOR were killed sequentially. Development of HCC was observed at week 14 and reached 100% incidence at week 20. First lung metastatic lesions were evident at week 22, and incidence of lung metastasis reached 100%. Tumor cells were identified in the blood at week 20 by RT-PCR. The current study revealed that 40 ppm NMOR for 14 weeks after DEN treatment developed HCC without lung metastases at week 22, then HCC with a frequent lung metastasis at week 40. Thus, it can be said that this system is a more appropriate model for elucidation of mechanisms of metastasis and also for analysis of factors to inhibit natural metastasis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DIMS, Daiyu-kai Institute of Medical Sciences, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Japan

    Hiroko Yoshino, Norio Imai & Seiko Tamano

  2. Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, 467-8601, Nagoya, Japan

    Hiroko Yoshino, Mitsuru Futakuchi, Young-Man Cho, Kumiko Ogawa, Fumitaka Takeshita & Tomoyuki Shirai

  3. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska, USA

    Mitsuru Futakuchi

  4. Division of Pathology, National Institute of health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Young-Man Cho

Authors
  1. Hiroko Yoshino
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  2. Mitsuru Futakuchi
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  3. Young-Man Cho
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  4. Kumiko Ogawa
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  5. Fumitaka Takeshita
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  6. Norio Imai
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  7. Seiko Tamano
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  8. Tomoyuki Shirai
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Correspondence to Mitsuru Futakuchi.

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Yoshino, H., Futakuchi, M., Cho, YM. et al. Modification of an in vivo Lung Metastasis Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Low Dose N-nitrosomorpholine and Diethylnitrosamine. Clin Exp Metastasis 22, 441–447 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-005-2807-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-005-2807-9

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