Abstract
Since its release in 2014, the Knowledge Portal for Spatial Adaptation has evolved into the central web portal for climate adaptation in the Netherlands, supporting regional and local adaptation efforts. This paper reflects on how co-production shaped the development of the portal and evaluates its use and the usability of the most frequently accessed tool, the ‘Climate Adaptation Atlas’. Analysis of evaluation reports and web-statistics revealed a substantial, diverse and regularly returning group of visitors to the portal. For example, municipalities use the atlas to understand how their municipality can be impacted by climate change to support spatial planning. Using the usability criteria of fit, interplay and interaction, the analysis showed that the atlas fits the needs of creating awareness and integrating climate information with other spatial information. However, the interplay of new climate information with other currently used information varies amongst municipalities. Interactions between scientists and users were found at different stages involving different actors. Based on the development and use of the portal, seven lessons have been derived emphasising the importance of a continuous co-production process with users; a modular setup to acknowledge the diversity in approaches; encouraging users by providing showcases of adaptation initiatives and enabling exchange of information amongst users; the need for political support; the ability and will to act even in case of uncertainty; flexibility in project design to incorporate changes in user needs and the beneficial role of boundary organisations in improving mutual understanding. Through this paper, contributions to the understanding of how adaptation web portals can be developed and improved are made.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Notes
see http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/sat for interesting European case studies
References
Armitage DR, Plummer R, Berkes F et al (2009) Adaptive co-management for social-ecological complexity. Front Ecol Environ 7:95–102. https://doi.org/10.1890/070089
Beier P, Hansen LJ, Helbrecht L, Behar D (2017) A how-to guide for coproduction of actionable science. Conserv Lett 10:288–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12300
van den Berg M, Coenen F (2012) Integrating climate change adaptation into Dutch local policies and the role of contextual factors. Local Environ 17:441–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2012.678313
Briley L, Brown D, Kalafatis SE (2015) Overcoming barriers during the co-production of climate information for decision-making. Clim Risk Manag 9:41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2015.04.004
van der Brugge R, Ellen GJ, Eshuis J (2015) Resultaten van de Monitor Ruimtelijke Adaptatie. http://docplayer.nl/storage/24/2381148/1495119180/WD5sDjgcbklbWgaESu-v7A/2381148.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2017
van Buuren A, Edelenbos J (2004) Why is joint knowledge production such a problem? Sci Public Policy 31:289–299. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154304781779967
Cash DW, Clark WC, Alcock F et al (2003) Knowledge systems for sustainable development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:8086–8091. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1231332100
Cash DW, Borck JC, Patt AG (2006) Countering the loading-dock approach to linking science and decision making: comparative analysis of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasting systems. Sci Technol Hum Values 31:465–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243906287547
Cutter SL (2003) The vulnerability of science and the science of vulnerability. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 93:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.93101
Dilling L, Lemos MC (2011) Creating usable science: opportunities and constraints for climate knowledge use and their implications for science policy. Glob Environ Chang 21:680–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.11.006
Enserink B, Kwakkel JH, Veenman S (2013) Coping with uncertainty in climate policy making: (mis)understanding scenario studies. Futures 53:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2013.09.006
van Enst WI, Driessen PPJ, Runhaar HAC (2014) Towards productive science-policy interfaces: a research agenda. J Environ Assess Policy Manag 16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1464333214500070
Goosen H, de Groot-Reichwein MAM, Masselink L et al (2014) Climate Adaptation Services for the Netherlands: an operational approach to support spatial adaptation planning. Reg Environ Chang 14:1035–1048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0513-8
de Graaff R (2017) Tussentijdse Evaluatie Ruimtelijke Adaptatie—Reflecteren en Inspireren. https://www.deltares.nl/app/uploads/2017/02/170131-Eindrapport-Tussentijdse-Evaluatie-DBRA.pdf. Accessed 6 May 2017
Hegger D, Dieperink C (2014) Toward successful joint knowledge production for climate change adaptation: lessons from six regional projects in the Netherlands. Ecol Soc 19. doi: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06453-190234
Hoppe T, van der Vegt A, Stegmaier P (2016) Presenting a framework to analyze local climate policy and action in small and medium-sized cities. Sustain 8:1–41. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8090847
Lemos MC, Morehouse BJ (2005) The co-production of science and policy in integrated climate assessments. Glob Environ Chang 15:57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.09.004
Lemos MC, Kirchhoff CJ, Ramprasad V (2012) Narrowing the climate information usability gap. Nat Clim Chang 2:789–794. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1614
Lövbrand E (2011) Co-producing European climate science and policy: a cautionary note on the making of useful knowledge. Sci Public Policy 38:225–236. https://doi.org/10.3152/030234211x12924093660516
Masselink L, Goosen H, Grond V et al (2017) Climate change in cities: an atelier approach for municipal action. Solutions 8:54–65
McNie EC (2007) Reconciling the supply of scientific information with user demands: an analysis of the problem and review of the literature. Environ Sci Pol 10:17–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2006.10.004
McNie EC (2013) Delivering climate services: organizational strategies and approaches for producing useful climate-science information. Weather Clim Soc 5:14–26. https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-11-00034.1
Meadow AM, Ferguson DB, Guido Z et al (2015) Moving toward the deliberate co-production of climate science knowledge. Weather Clim Soc 7:179–191. https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-14-00050.1
Mees HLP, Dijk J, van Soest D, et al (2014) A method for the deliberate and deliberative selection of policy instrument mixes for climate change adaptation. Ecol Soc 19. doi: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06639-190258
Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, Ministry of Economic Affairs (2018) Deltaprogramma 2018 - Doorwerken aan een duurzame en veilige delta. https://ruimtelijkeadaptatie.nl/publish/pages/127514/dp2018_nl_printversie.pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2017
Moser SC, Luers AL (2008) Managing climate risks in California: the need to engage resource managers for successful adaptation to change. Clim Chang 87:309–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9384-7
Räsänen A, Jurgilevich A, Haanpää S et al (2017) The need for non-climate services—empirical evidence from Finnish municipalities. Clim Risk Manag 16:29–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.03.004
Runhaar H, van Nieuwaal K (2010) Understanding the use of science in decision-making on cockle fisheries and gas mining in the Dutch Wadden Sea: putting the science-policy interface in a wider perspective. Environ Sci Pol 13:239–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.03.001
Sanderson H, Hilden M, Russel D, Dessai S (2016) Database support for adaptation to climate change: an assessment of web-based portals across scales. Integr Environ Assess Manag 12:627–631. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1755
Street R (2016) Towards a leading role on climate services in Europe: a research and innovation roadmap. Clim Serv 1:2–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2015.12.001
Street R, Karali E, Mattern K, et al (2015) Overview of climate change adaptation platforms in Europe. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/overview-of-climate-change-adaptation/at_download/file. Accessed 5 May 2017
Swart R, Sedee AGJ, De Pater F et al (2013) Climate-proofing spatial planning and water management projects: an analysis of 100 local and regional projects in the Netherlands. J Environ Policy Plan 16:55–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2013.817947
Swart RJ, de Bruin K, Dhenain S et al (2017) Developing climate information portals with users: promises and pitfalls. Clim Serv 6:12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2017.06.008
Veraart JA, van Nieuwaal K, Driessen PPJ, Kabat P (2014) From climate research to climate compatible development: experiences and progress in the Netherlands. Reg Environ Chang 14:851–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0567-7
Wardekker JA, van der Sluijs JP, Janssen PHM et al (2008) Uncertainty communication in environmental assessments: views from the Dutch science-policy interface. Environ Sci Pol 11:627–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2008.05.005
Willows R, Connell R (2003) Climate adaptation: risk, uncertainty and decision-making. UKCIP Technical Report. http://opensigle.inist.fr/handle/10068/617046. Accessed 5 May 2017
Wilson E (2006) Adapting to climate change at the local level: the spatial planning response. Local Environ 11:609–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830600853635
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is part of a Special Issue on ‘Decision Support Tools for Climate Change Adaptation’ edited by Jean Palutikof, Roger Street and Edward Gardiner.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Laudien, R., Boon, E., Goosen, H. et al. The Dutch adaptation web portal: seven lessons learnt from a co-production point of view. Climatic Change 153, 509–521 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2179-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2179-1