Abstract
The spatial and temporal variability of extreme wave climate along the Central-South American continent is analyzed. The study evaluates changes in the intensity of extreme significant wave height (SWH) throughout the year over the 1980–2008 period, using a calibrated long-term wave reanalysis database forced with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. A non-stationary extreme value model, based on monthly maxima with a new approach for long-term trends, has been applied. Results show a common positive trend in the Pacific basin throughout all seasons and a significant decreasing trend pattern in the area of Surinam and north of Brazil, on the Atlantic border (up to −1.5 cm/year in March–April–May). A higher increase of the extreme wave heights is found in the austral summer (December–January–February) at Tierra de Fuego and the Falkland Islands, reaching 6.5 cm/year (which means 1.82 m for the 28 years studied). Furthermore, the complete reanalysis period (1948–2008) is analyzed in order to compare results with the assimilation data period (1980–2008), resulting in some discrepancies, especially in the Atlantic basin.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the NOAA—National Data Buoy Center for providing the buoy data. The altimeter data were produced and distributed by AVISO (http://www.aviso.ocanobs.com/). C. Izaguirre is indebted to the Universidad de Cantabria and the Gobierno de Cantabria for the funding provided within the Postdoctoral Support Program. This work was partly funded by the project ‘GRACCIE’ (CSD2007-00067, Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010).
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Izaguirre, C., Méndez, F.J., Espejo, A. et al. Extreme wave climate changes in Central-South America. Climatic Change 119, 277–290 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0712-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0712-9