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Predictors of Impairment and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents with Persistent Tic Disorder

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Abstract

This study examined predictors of, and associations between, self-concept, demographic variables, and clinical measures in fifty-eight children and adolescents with Persistent Tic Disorder (PTD; 44 males, Mage = 11.9 years, SD = 2.74). Participants completed measures that assessed self-concept, tic severity, tic-related impairment, and comorbid psychological symptoms. Results showed that generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, total tic severity, number and complexity of tics, and total and social tic-related impairment were associated with self-concept. Tic-related social impairment mediated the relationship between tic severity and self-concept. Exploratory analyses found that total tic severity, motor tic severity, and vocal tic severity, as well as the number, intensity, and interference of tics predicted social tic-related impairment. Results suggest that treatments to reduce the number and complexity of tics, with additional focus on navigating social interactions, may serve to decrease tic severity and impairment, and in turn, improve self-concept.

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Data Availability

The participants of this study did not provide written consent for their data to be shared publicly. Due to the sensitive nature of the research that could compromise the privacy of research participants, data is not publicly available nor upon request.

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Funding

The study received funding through a grant provided by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH: R44MH09634402). The study was pre-registered on clincaltrials.gov prior to enrolling the first participant (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02413216).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, the University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Room 1316, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Kirsten R. Bootes, Michael B. Himle & Brianna C. M. Wellen

  2. Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Jordan T. Stiede & Douglas W. Woods

  3. Psychology Houston, Houston, PCTX, USA

    Suzanne Mouton-Odum

Authors
  1. Kirsten R. Bootes
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  2. Michael B. Himle
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  3. Jordan T. Stiede
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  4. Brianna C. M. Wellen
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  5. Suzanne Mouton-Odum
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  6. Douglas W. Woods
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Contributions

KB wrote the main manuscript text and prepared figures and tables. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kirsten R. Bootes.

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Conflict of interest

Dr. Mouton-Odum is the President of PsycTech, Ltd, a private practice that receives revenue from TicHelper.com. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This study was pre-registered on clincaltrials.gov prior to enrolling the first participant. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02413216.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Informed consent to publish findings was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Bootes, K.R., Himle, M.B., Stiede, J.T. et al. Predictors of Impairment and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents with Persistent Tic Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-024-01696-0

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