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Psychometric Properties of the Parental Bonding Instrument in a Sample of Canadian Children

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Abstract

The parental bonding instrument (PBI) is a self-report questionnaire that was initially designed to retrospectively assess perceived parenting style during childhood in adult respondents. Recent studies have used the PBI to assess current perception of parenting in children. However, few studies have evaluated the psychometric properties of the PBI in children. This study examined the factor structure and reliability of the PBI in a sample of Canadian children aged 7–18 years (n = 257). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted separately for the mother and father form of the PBI and composite reliability was used to determine internal consistency of the PBI. A four-factor model (care, overprotection, autonomy, indifference) showed the best fit to the data. The PBI exhibited good internal consistency but poor convergent validity. Configural invariance was not found for the PBI between two age groups (7–12 and 13–18 years), however these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size in each age group. This study suggests the PBI may be a valid and reliable self-report measure of parental bonding in children but further research is needed.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Research (MOP 68854 and MOP 86556) awarded to Dr. Koszycki and the Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario. VH received the Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Doctoral Scholarship. We are grateful to Emma Eaton, Nina Hedayati, Alexandra Kirvan, Anne Kirvan, Quynh Pham, and Julie Wallis for research assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Vivian Huang

  2. Institut du savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Julia DiMillo & Diana Koszycki

  3. Faculty of Education and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Diana Koszycki

  4. University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 145 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Diana Koszycki

Authors
  1. Vivian Huang
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  2. Julia DiMillo
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  3. Diana Koszycki
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Correspondence to Diana Koszycki.

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Informed Consent

Written informed consent was obtained from the child’s legal guardian as well as the child’s assent. Participants 16 years and older provided their own written consent.

Research Involving Human and Animal Participants

The study was approved proved by the institutional review board and was performed in accordance with the standards laid down by the Helsinki Declaration.

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Huang, V., DiMillo, J. & Koszycki, D. Psychometric Properties of the Parental Bonding Instrument in a Sample of Canadian Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 51, 754–768 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00999-2

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