Abstract
The present study evaluated the impact of the Collaborative Life Skills Program (CLS), a novel school–home psychosocial intervention, on social and behavioral impairments among children with attention and behavior problems. Fifty-seven ethnically/racially diverse children (70 % boys) with attention and/or behavior problems in the second through fifth grades participated in a pilot study. Ten school-based mental health professionals were trained and then implemented the intervention at their respective schools. Children significantly improved from pre- to post-treatment on parent, teacher, and report card ratings of children’s social and behavioral functioning. Treatment improvements were consistent for children with and without co-occurring disruptive behavior problems. The impact of the intervention was enhanced when parents used the intervention strategies more regularly, according to both clinicians’ and parents’ reports. Findings support the emphasis of CLS on coordinating intervention strategies across contexts to facilitate the generalization of treatment-related improvements in social and behavioral functioning.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (text revision). Author, Washington, DC
Abikoff HB, Jensen PS, Arnold LLE, Hoza B, Hechtman L, Pollack S et al (2002) Observed classroom behavior of children with ADHD: relationship to gender and comorbidity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 30(4):349–359
Johnston C, Jassy JS (2007) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional/conduct problems: links to parent-child interactions. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 16(2):74–79
Connor DF, Chartier KG, Preen EC, Kaplan RF (2010) Impulsive aggression in attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: symptom severity, co-morbidity, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtype. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 20(2):119–126
Gresham FM, MacMillan DL, Bocian KM, Ward SL, Forness SR (1998) Comorbidity of hyperactivity-impulsivity-inattention and conduct problems: risk factors in social, affective, and academic domains. J Abnorm Child Psychol 26(5):393–406
Maughan B, Rowe R, Messer J, Goodman R, Meltzer H (2004) Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 45(3):609–621
Angold A, Costello EJ, Erkanli A (1999) Comorbidity. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 40(1):57–87
Matthys W, Cuperus JM, Van Engeland H (1999) Deficient social problem-solving in boys with ODD/CD, with ADHD, and with both disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 38(3):311–321
Pardini DA, Fite PJ (2010) Symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and callous-unemotional traits as unique predictors of psychosocial maladjustment in boys: advancing an evidence base for DSM-V. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49(11):1134–1144
Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ (2010) Classification of behavior disorders in adolescence: scaling methods, predictive validity, and gender differences. J Abnorm Psychol 119(4):699–712
Biederman J, Petty CR, Clarke A, Lomedico A, Faraone SV (2011) Predictors of persistent ADHD: an 11-year follow-up study. J Psychiatr Res 45(2):150–155
Barker ED, Oliver BR, Maughan B (2010) Co-occurring problems of early onset persistent, childhood limited, and adolescent onset conduct problem youth. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 51(11):1217–1226
Fabiano GA, Pelham WE, Coles EK, Gnagy EM, Chronis-Tuscano A, O’Connor BC (2009) A meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 29(2):129–140
Pelham WE, Fabiano GA (2008) Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 37(1):184–214
DuPaul GJ, Eckert TL, Vilardo B (2012) The effects of school-based interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis 1996–2010. Sch Psychol Rev 41(4):387–412
Valdez CR, Carlson C, Zanger D (2005) Evidence-based parent training and family interventions for school behavior change. Sch Psychol Quart 20(4):403–433
Hartman RR, Stage SA, Webster-Stratton C (2003) A growth curve analysis of parent training outcomes: examining the influence of child risk factors (inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity problems), parental and family risk factors. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 44(3):388–398
Seeley JR, Small JW, Walker HM, Feil EG, Severson HH, Golly AM et al (2009) Efficacy of the “First Step to Success” intervention for students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sch Ment Health 1(1):37–48
Webster-Stratton CH, Reid MJ, Beauchaine T (2011) Combining parent and child training for young children with ADHD. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 40(2):191–203
Guli L (2005) A evidence-based parent consultation with school-related outcomes. Sch Psychol Quart 20(4):455–472
Group MC (1999) A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatr 56(12):1073–1086
Langberg JM, Arnold LE, Flowers AM, Epstein JN, Altaye M, Hinshaw SP et al (2010) Parent-reported homework problems in the MTA study: evidence for sustained improvement with behavioral treatment. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 39(2):220–233
Wells KC, Chi TC, Hinshaw SP, Epstein JN, Pfiffner L, Nebel-Schwalm M et al (2006) Treatment-related changes in objectively measured parenting behaviors in the multimodal treatment study of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 74(4):649–657
Sheridan SM, Bovaird JA, Glover TA, Garbacz SA, Witte A, Kwon K (2012) A randomized trial examining the effects of conjoint behavioral consultation and the mediating role of the parent-teacher relationship. Sch Psychol Rev 41(1):23–46
Power TJ, Mautone JA, Soffer SL, Clarke AT, Marshall SA, Sharman J et al (2012) A family, Äìschool intervention for children with ADHD: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 80(4):611–623
Owens JS, Murphy CE, Richerson L, Girio EL, Himawan LK (2008) Science to practice in underserved communities: the effectiveness of school mental health programming. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 37(2):434–447
Pfiffner LJ, McBurnett K (1997) Social skills training with parent generalization: treatment effects for children with attention deficit disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 65(5):749–757
Antshel KM, Remer R (2003) Social skills training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 32(1):153–165
Frankel F, Myatt R, Cantwell DP, Feinberg DT (1997) Parent-assisted transfer of children’s social skills training: effects on children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 36(8):1056–1064
Frankel F, Feinberg DT (2002) Social problems associated with ADHD vs. ODD in children referred for friendship problems. Child Psychiatr Hum Dev 33(2):125–146
Miranda A, Jesús Presentación M (2000) Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of children with ADHD, with and without aggressiveness. Psychol Sch 37(2):169–182
Abikoff HB, Hechtman L, Klein RG, Gallagher R, Fleiss K, Etcovitch J et al (2004) Social functioning in children with ADHD treated with long-term methylphenidate and multimodal psychosocial treatment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 43(7):820–829
Mikami AY, Lerner MD, Griggs MS, McGrath A, Calhoun CD (2010) Parental influence on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. Results of a pilot intervention training parents as friendship coaches for children. J Abnorm Child Psychol Off Publ Int Soc Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 38(6):737–749
Wheeler J, Carlson CL (1994) The social functioning of children with ADD with hyperactivity and ADD without hyperactivity: a comparison of their peer relations and social deficits. J Emot Behav Disord 2(1):2–12
de Boo GM, Prins PJM (2007) Social incompetence in children with ADHD: possible moderators and mediators in social-skills training. Clin Psychol Rev 27(1):78–97
Chronis AM, Fabiano GA, Gnagy EM, Onyango AN, Pelham WE, Lopez-Williams A et al (2004) An evaluation of the summer treatment program for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder using a treatment withdrawal design. Behav Ther 35(3):561–585
Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Greiner AR, Hoza B, Hinshaw SP, Swanson JM et al (2000) Behavioral versus behavioral and pharmacological treatment in ADHD children attending a summer treatment program. J Abnorm Child Psychol 28(6):507–525
Abikoff H (2009) ADHD psychosocial treatments: generalization reconsidered. J Attent Disord 13(3):207–210
Owens JS, Fabiano GA (2011) School mental health programming for youth with ADHD: addressing needs across the academic career. Sch Ment Health 3(3):111–116
Pfiffner LJ, Kaiser NM, Burner C, Zalecki C, Rooney M, Setty P et al (2011) From clinic to school: translating a collaborative school–home behavioral intervention for ADHD. Sch Ment Health 3(3):127–142
Pfiffner LJ, Villodas M, Kaiser N, Rooney M, McBurnett K (2013) Educational outcomes of a collaborative school–home behavioral intervention for ADHD. Sch Psychol Quart 28(1):25–36
Pfiffner LJ, Mikami AY, Huang-Pollock C, Easterlin B, Zalecki C, McBurnett K (2007) A randomized, controlled trial of integrated home-school behavioral treatment for ADHD, predominantly inattentive type. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 46(8):1041–1050
Fabiano GA, Vujnovic RK, Pelham WE, Waschbusch DA, Massetti GM, Pariseau ME et al (2010) Enhancing the effectiveness of special education programming for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using a daily report card. Sch Psychol Rev 39(2):219–239
Durlak JA, DuPre EP (2008) Implementation matters: a review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. Am J Commun Psychol 41(3–4):327–350
Gresham FM, Gansle KA, Noell GH, Cohen S (1993) Treatment integrity of school-based behavioral intervention studies: 1980, Äì1990. Sch Psychol Rev 22(2):254–272
Murray DW, Rabiner D, Schulte A, Newitt K (2008) Feasibility and integrity of a parent–teacher consultation intervention for ADHD students. Child Youth Care Forum 37(3):111–126
Noell GH, Witt JC, Slider NJ, Connell JE, Gatti SL, Williams KL et al (2005) Treatment implementation following behavioral consultation in schools: a comparison of three follow-up strategies. Sch Psychol Rev 34(1):87–106
Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA (2007) The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. A J Psychiatr 164(6):942–948
Gadow KD, Sprafkin J (1994) Child Symptom Inventories manual. Checkmate Plus, Stony Brook
Fabiano GA, Pelham WE, Jr., Waschbusch DA, Gnagy EM, Lahey BB, Chronis AM, et al (2006) A practical measure of impairment: psychometric properties of the impairment rating scale in samples of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and two school-based samples. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 35(3):369–385
Wechsler D (1999) Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio
Gadow KD, Sprafkin J (1997) ADHD symptom checklist-4 manual. Checkmate Plus, Stony Brook
Gresham FM, Elliott SN (2008) Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS) rating scales manual. NCS Pearson, Inc., Minneapolis
DiPerna JC, Elliott S (2000) Academic competence evaluation scales. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio
Asparouhov T (2005) Sampling weights in latent variable modeling. Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J 12(3):411–434
Muthén LK, Muthén BO (2010) Mplus user’s guide, 6th edn. Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles
Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J Royal Stat Soc Ser B (Methodological) 57(1):289–300
Morris SB, DeShon RP (2002) Combining effects size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent groups designs. Psychol Methods 7:105–125
Jacobson NS, Truax P (1991) Clinical significance: a statistical approach to denning meaningful change in psychotherapy research. J Consult Clin Psychol 59(1):12–19
Sanetti LMH, Gritter KL, Dobey LM (2011) Treatment integrity of interventions with children in the school psychology literature from 1995 to 2008. Sch Psychol Rev 40(1):72–84
Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV (2000) Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type. A J Psychiatr 157(5):816–818
Fischer M, Barkley RA, Fletcher KE, Smallish L (1993) The stability of dimensions of behavior in ADHD and normal children over an 8-year followup. J Abnorm Child Psychol 21(3):315–337
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Villodas, M.T., McBurnett, K., Kaiser, N. et al. Additive Effects of Parent Adherence on Social and Behavioral Outcomes of a Collaborative School–Home Behavioral Intervention for ADHD. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 45, 348–360 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0405-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0405-7