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TAR30, a homolog of the canonical plant TTTAGGG telomeric repeat, is enriched in the proximal chromosome regions of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Abstract

Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes that play critical roles in cell division, chromosome maintenance, and genome stability. In many plants, telomeres are comprised of TTTAGGG tandem repeat that is widely found in plants. We refer to this repeat as canonical plant telomeric repeat (CPTR). Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a spontaneously formed allotetraploid and an important food and oil crop worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the peanut genome sequences and identified a new type of tandem repeat with 10-bp basic motif TTTT(C/T)TAGGG named TAndem Repeat (TAR) 30. TAR30 showed significant sequence identity to TTTAGGG repeat in 112 plant genomes suggesting that TAR30 is a homolog of CPTR. It also is nearly identical to the telomeric tandem repeat in Cestrum elegans. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed interstitial locations of TAR30 in peanut chromosomes but we did not detect visible signals in the terminal ends of chromosomes as expected for telomeric repeats. Interestingly, different TAR30 hybridization patterns were found between the newly induced allotetraploid ValSten and its diploid wild progenitors. The canonical telomeric repeat TTTAGGG is also present in the peanut genomes and some of these repeats are closely adjacent to TAR30 from both cultivated peanut and its wild relatives. Overall, our work identifies a new homolog of CPTR and reveals the unique distributions of TAR30 in cultivated peanuts and wild species. Our results provide new insights into the evolution of tandem repeats during peanut polyploidization and domestication.

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Abbreviations

CPTR:

Canonical plant telomeric repeat

DAPI:

4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DSBs:

Double-strand breaks

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

LTR:

Long terminal repeat

MYA:

Million years ago

TERT:

Telomerase reverse transcriptase

TEs:

Transposable elements

TSD:

Target site duplication

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Acknowledgements

We thank Drs. Corley Holbrook and Gongshe Hu for their valuable comments. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.

Funding

This research was funded by the grants from National Peanut Board in the USA and Georgia Peanut Commission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA

    Dongying Gao

  2. Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Dongying Gao, Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli, Brian Abernathy, Scott A. Jackson & David J. Bertioli

  3. University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil

    Eliza F. M. B. Nascimento

  4. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli

  5. Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Ana C. G. Araujo

  6. Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    David J. Bertioli

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  1. Dongying Gao
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  2. Eliza F. M. B. Nascimento
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Gao, D., Nascimento, E.F.M.B., Leal-Bertioli, S.C.M. et al. TAR30, a homolog of the canonical plant TTTAGGG telomeric repeat, is enriched in the proximal chromosome regions of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Chromosome Res 30, 77–90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-022-09684-7

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