Abstract
Cuscuta is a cytogenetically diverse genus, with karyotypes varying 18-fold in chromosome number and 127-fold in genome size. Each of its four subgenera also presents particular chromosomal features, such as bimodal karyotypes in Pachystigma. We used low coverage sequencing of the Cuscuta nitida genome (subgenus Pachystigma), as well as chromosome banding and molecular cytogenetics of three subgenus representatives, to understand the origin of bimodal karyotypes. All three species, C. nitida, C. africana (2n = 28) and C. angulata (2n = 30), showed heterochromatic bands mainly in the largest chromosome pairs. Eighteen satellite DNAs were identified in C. nitida genome, two showing similarity to mobile elements. The most abundant were present at the largest pairs, as well as the highly abundant ribosomal DNAs. The most abundant Ty1/Copia and Ty3/Gypsy elements were also highly enriched in the largest pairs, except for the Ty3/Gypsy CRM, which also labelled the pericentromeric regions of the smallest chromosomes. This accumulation of repetitive DNA in the larger pairs indicates that these sequences are largely responsible for the formation of bimodal karyotypes in the subgenus Pachystigma. The repetitive DNA fraction is directly linked to karyotype evolution in Cuscuta.
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Abbreviations
- CMA:
-
Chromomycin A3
- DAPI:
-
4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
- Gbp:
-
Giga base pair
- FISH:
-
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
- LTR:
-
Long terminal repeat
- NOR:
-
Nucleolus Organizer Region
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- rDNA:
-
Ribosomal DNA
- satDNA:
-
Satellite DNA
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Raw sequences reads available at NCBI, accession number PRJNA749043.
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We thank the Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (FACEPE) for the financing of the Postgraduate scholarship; the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Finance Code 001) for the financial support for the development of the project. Computational resources for the Galaxy based RepeatExplorer were provided by the ELIXIR-CZ project (LM2015047), part of the international ELIXIR infrastructure. The field work was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery grant (no. 326439).
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Key message
Cuscuta subgenus Pachystigma contains species with strikingly bimodal karyotypes. The emergence of these karyotypes is linked to the enrichment of varied repetitive sequences in the largest chromosomal pairs.
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Ibiapino, A., Báez, M., García, M.A. et al. Karyotype asymmetry in Cuscuta L. subgenus Pachystigma reflects its repeat DNA composition. Chromosome Res 30, 91–107 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-021-09683-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-021-09683-0