Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a common feature of both solid and hematological human malignancies. Extra centrosomes are not merely innocent bystanders in cancer cells, but rather promote tumor progression by disrupting normal cellular architecture and generating chromosome instability. Consequently, centrosome amplification correlates with advanced tumor grade and overall poor clinical prognosis. By contrast, extra centrosomes are adversely tolerated in non-transformed cells and hinder cell proliferation. This suggests that in addition to acquiring extra centrosomes, cancer cells must also adapt to overcome the deleterious consequences associated with them. Here, we review evidence that implicates core components of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway as having key roles in both the direct and indirect regulation of centrosome number. Intriguingly, functional inactivation of the Hippo pathway, which is common across broad spectrum of human cancers, likely represents one key adaptation that enables cancer cells to tolerate extra centrosomes.
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Abbreviations
- CIN:
-
Chromosome instability
- CDKN1A:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
- LATS1, LATS2:
-
Large tumor suppressor kinases 1 and 2
- Mats:
-
Mps1 binder (MOB)
- Mps1:
-
Monopolor spindle 1
- MST1, MST2:
-
Mammalian sterile 20-like kinases 1 and 2
- NDR1/2:
-
N-Myc downstream regulated 1 and 2 kinases
- Nek2A:
-
NIMA-related kinase 2A
- NF2:
-
Neurofibromin 2
- SAS6:
-
Spindle assembly abnormal protein 6
- TAZ:
-
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif
- TEAD:
-
Transcriptional enhancer activation domain
- YAP:
-
Transcriptional co-activator yes-associated protein
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Acknowledgments
A.F.B is supported by a Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Grant from the NIH/NIGMS (5T32GM008541). N.J.G is the Aram V. Chobanian Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Shamim and Ashraf Dahod Breast Cancer Research Laboratories and is supported in part by grants from the Richard and Susan Smith Family Foundation, the Searle Scholars Program, the Karin Grunebaum Cancer Research Foundation, and the NIH/NCI (K99/R00 CA154531-01).
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