Research Advances of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage: An Update Review

Luo, Jinqi; Luo, Yujie; Zeng, Hanhai; Reis, Cesar; Chen, Sheng

doi:10.1007/s10571-018-0630-5

Review Paper
Published: 25 October 2018

Research Advances of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage: An Update Review

Jinqi Luo¹,
Yujie Luo¹,
Hanhai Zeng²,
Cesar Reis³ &
Sheng Chen^1,4

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology volume 39, pages 1–10 (2019)Cite this article

1197 Accesses
11 Citations
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Abstract

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) refers to bleeding that derives from the subependymal (or periventricular) germinal region of the premature brain. GMH can induce severe and irreversible damage attributing to the vulnerable structure of germinal matrix and deleterious circumstances. Molecular mechanisms remain obscure so far. In this review, we summarized the newest preclinical discoveries recent years about GMH to distill a deeper understanding of the neuropathology, and then discuss the potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets among these pathways. GMH studies mostly in recent 5 years were sorted out and the authors generalized the newest discoveries and ideas into four parts of this essay. Intrinsic fragile structure of preterm germinal matrix is the fundamental cause leading to GMH. Many molecules have been found effective in the pathophysiological courses. Some of these molecules like minocycline are suggested active to reduce the damage in animal GMH model. However, researchers are still trying to find efficient diagnostic methods and remedies that are available in preterm infants to rehabilitate or cure the sequent injury. Merits have been obtained in the last several years on molecular pathways of GMH, but more work is required to further unravel the whole pathophysiology.

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81500992), Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang (LQ16H090002), and Medical and Health Key Project of Zhejiang Province (2016RCA015).

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Affiliations

Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
Jinqi Luo, Yujie Luo & Sheng Chen
Department of Neurological Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Hanhai Zeng
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
Cesar Reis
Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
Sheng Chen

Authors

Jinqi Luo
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Yujie Luo
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Hanhai Zeng
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Cesar Reis
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Sheng Chen
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Contributions

SC was the principal investigator. JL and YL wrote the paper and made the original figures. HZ revised the figures. CR handled the language and made some comments.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sheng Chen.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare there is no conflict of interest.

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Luo, J., Luo, Y., Zeng, H. et al. Research Advances of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage: An Update Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 39, 1–10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-018-0630-5

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Received: 13 July 2018
Accepted: 19 October 2018
Published: 25 October 2018
Issue Date: 31 January 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-018-0630-5

Keywords

Germinal matrix hemorrhage
Preterm infant
Neuropathology