Abstract
Transcription factor IID (TFIID), as a general transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in the preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly and transcription initiation by recruiting RNA polymerase II to the promoter. The TFIID complex contains the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) and a group of conserved TAF proteins. However, its distribution and function in the central nervous system (CNS) are more diverse than previously understood. Here, we mainly investigated the spatiotemporal expression and cellular localization of TBP/TFIID during spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats. Western blot analysis revealed that TBP/TFIID was present in normal rat’s spinal cord. It gradually increased, reached a peak at the third day after SCI, and then decreased. We observed that TBP/TFIID was widely distributed in spinal cord, mainly in neurons and glial cells. In addition, Western blot detection also showed that the third day post-injury was the proliferation peak indicated by the elevated expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of proliferating cells. Importantly, injury-induced expression of TBP/TFIID was colabelled by PCNA showed the increase of TBP/TFIID expression in proliferating astrocytes and microglia. Collectively, we hypothesize that TBP/TFIID may be implicated in the proliferation of astrocytes and microglia and the recovery of neurological outcomes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andel F III, Ladurner AG et al (1999) Three-dimensional structure of the human TFIID-IIA-IIB complex. Science 286(5447):2153–2156
Burley SK, Roeder RG (1996) Biochemistry and structural biology of transcription factor IID (TFIID). Annu Rev Biochem 65:769–799
Byrnes KR, Stoica BA et al (2007) Cell cycle activation contributes to post-mitotic cell death and secondary damage after spinal cord injury. Brain: A Journal of Neurology 130(Pt 11):2977–2992
Chen XH, Iwata A et al (2003) Neurogenesis and glial proliferation persist for at least one year in the subventricular zone following brain trauma in rats. J Neurotrauma 20(7):623–631
D’Alessio JA, Wright KJ et al (2009) Shifting players and paradigms in cell-specific transcription. Mol Cell 36(6):924–931
Davidson I (2003) The genetics of TBP and TBP-related factors. Trends Biochem Sci 28(7):391–398
Di Giovanni S, Knoblach SM et al (2003) Gene profiling in spinal cord injury shows role of cell cycle in neuronal death. Ann Neurol 53(4):454–468
Dumont RJ, Okonkwo DO, Verma S, Hurlbert RJ, Boulos PT, Ellegala DB et al (2001) Acute spinal cord injury, part I: pathophysiologic mechanisms. Clin Neuropharmacol 24:254–264
Friedman MJ, Shah AG et al (2007) Polyglutamine domain modulates the TBP-TFIIB interaction: implications for its normal function and neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci 10(12):1519–1528
Goodrich JA, Tjian R (2010) Unexpected roles for core promoter recognition factors in cell-type-specific transcription and gene regulation. Nat Rev Genet 11(8):549–558
Greenblatt J (1991) Roles of TFIID in transcriptional initiation by RNA polymerase II. Cell 66(6):1067–1070
Gruner JA (1992) A monitored contusion model of spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 9(2):123–126 discussion 126–128
Hampsey M (1998) Molecular genetics of the RNA polymerase II general transcriptional machinery. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62:465–503
Hochheimer A, Zhou S et al (2002) TRF2 associates with DREF and directs promoter-selective gene expression in Drosophila. Nature 420(6914):439–445
Kwon BK, Tetzlaff W, Grauer JN et al (2004) Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Spine J 4:451–464
Liu Z, Wang D et al (2011) Increased expression of transcription initiation factor IIB after rat traumatic brain injury. J Mol Histol 42(3):265–271
McDonald JW, Sadowsky C (2002) Spinal-cord injury. Lancet 359:417–425
McGraw J, Hiebert GW, Steeves JD (2001) Modulating astrogliosis after neurotrauma. J Neurosci Res 63(2):109–115
Morganti-Kossmann MC, Rancan M et al (2002) Inflammatory response in acute traumatic brain injury: a double-edged sword. Curr Opin Crit Care 8(2):101–105
Mrak RE, Griffin WS (2005) Glia and their cytokines in progression of neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Aging 26:349–354
Myer VE, Young RA (1998) RNA polymerase II holoenzymes and subcomplexes. J Biol Chem 273(43):27757–27760
Orphanides G, Lagrange T et al (1996) The general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II. Genes Dev 10(21):2657–2683
Shen A, Liu Y, Zhao J, Qin J, Shi S, Chen M, Gao S, Xiao F, Lu Q, Cheng C (2008) Temporal-spatial expressions of p27kip1 and its phosphorylation on Serine-10 after acute spinal cord injury in adult rat: implications for post-traumatic glial proliferation. Neurochem Int 52(6):1266–1275
Somera-Molina KC, Robin B, Somera CA et al (2007) Glial activation links early-life seizures and long-term neurologic dysfunction: evidence using a small molecule inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine upregulation. Epilepsia 48:1785–1800
Tatarakis A, Margaritis T et al (2008) Dominant and redundant functions of TFIID involved in the regulation of hepatic genes. Mol Cell 31(4):531–543
Tator CH (1995) Update on the pathophysiology and pathology of acute spinal cord injury. Brain Pathol 5(4):407–413
Tora L (2002) A unified nomenclature for TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factors (TAFs) involved in RNA polymerase II transcription. Genes Dev 16(6):673–675
Van Dyke MW, Sawadogo M (1990) DNA-binding and transcriptional properties of human transcription factor TFIID after mild proteolysis. Mol Cell Biol 10(7):3415–3420
Wei H, Teng H et al (2012) An upregulation of SENP3 after spinal cord injury: implications for neuronal apoptosis. Neurochem Res 37(12):2758–2766
Yang J, Cao J et al (2013) Transcription initiation factor IIb involves in schwann cell differentiation after rat sciatic nerve crush. J Mol Neurosci 49(3):491–498
Yu X, Wen H et al (2013) Temporal and spatial expression of KIF3B after acute spinal cord injury in adult rats. J Mol Neurosci 49(2):387–394
Zhang J, Li D et al (2013) Expression of RBMX after spinal cord injury in rats. J Mol Neurosci 49(2):417–429
Zhao J, Zhang S et al (2011) KPC1 expression and essential role after acute spinal cord injury in adult rat. Neurochem Res 36(3):549–558
Conflict of interest
All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ding, T., Wen, H., Wei, H. et al. Increased Expression of TBP/TFIID After Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 34, 669–677 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-014-0048-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-014-0048-7