Abstract
The dowel-bearing properties of a newly laminated flattened-bamboo (LFB) composite for engineering use was studied in this research by using the 5% bolt diameter offset method. The effects of specimen dimensions, bolt diameter, density, and bolt placed direction were included. Computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to identify the failure type. The test results indicate that the parallel-to-grain dowel-bearing strength of LFB generally increased with an increasing density. When the bolt was placed along the LFB’s radial direction, the parallel-to-grain dowel-bearing strength approximately remained a constant (52 MPa) with the change of specimen dimensions and bolt diameter, while when the bolt was along the tangential direction, the dowel-bearing strength increased with the raising ratio of specimen thickness and bolt diameter. The first failure type was a crushing failure of bamboo fiber underneath the bolt, it happened when bolt diameter was small (12 mm and 14 mm) and placed along LFB’s radial direction. The second type was a splitting failure due to the lateral force generated by the bolt embedded into specimen, bamboo fiber splitting failure dominated for specimens with bolt along radial direction, while when bolt along tangential direction, glue layer splitting happened. The measured dowel-bearing strength was compared to the predictions obtained from equations in current wood specifications and articles. The results indicated that, except for the predicted values from the NDS equation (max error = 36%), which showed relatively reasonable agreement with the test values, the remaining predicted values exhibited discrepancies with the test values. To obtain proper predicted values, equations include density and ratio of specimen thickness and bolt diameter were proposed for calculation of LFB’s parallel-to-grain dowel-bearing strength.
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Acknowledgements
The writers gratefully acknowledge Wei Xu, Tianyu Gao, Chen Chen, Bingyu Jian, Tingting Ling, Gensheng Cheng, Wenjing Zhou and others from the Nanjing Forestry University for helping with the tests.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51878354 & 51,308,301), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20181402 & BK20130978), 333 talent high-level projects of Jiang-su Province, Qinglan Project Fund of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYCX21_0902), and China Scholarship Council Joint Scholarship program (No. 202108320925).
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Dong Yang: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. Haitao Li: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. Yiqiang Wu: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. Chaokun Hong: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. Yue Chen: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. Dongdong Wei: Supervision, Investigation. CongGan Yuan: Supervision, Investigation. Rodolfo Lorenzo: Supervision, Writing—review & editing.
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Yang, D., Li, H., Wu, Y. et al. Evaluation of the dowel-bearing properties and failure modes of engineering-use laminated flattened-bamboo composite by experimental study and micro-analysis. Cellulose (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05876-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05876-y