Abstract
Novel cotton-based TiO2/Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites for wastewater treatment were developed by fine chemical synthesis path with the goal of coping with wastewater issues and environmental remediation. The photocatalytic performances of nanocomposites were tested during photodegradation processes of RB, AO7 and MR under simulated solar light. Double- and single-loaded nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple bottom-up approach implying in situ photoreduction of Ag+ ions on the surface of TiO2 NPs previously deposited on cotton fibers from colloids. The spherical-like colloidal TiO2 NPs (4.5 nm) and TiO2/Ag NPs (8 nm) and the formation of uniform TiO2/Ag and TiO2/Ag/TiO2 nano-coatings on cotton fibers were examined by TEM and FESEM. The reduction of Ag+ ions on TiO2 surface was undoubtedly proven by the appearance of SPR band of Ag NPs in UV/Vis spectra. Raman spectroscopy clearly confirmed the presence of anatase TiO2 in nanocomposites. Quantitative determination of TiO2 and Ag in nanocomposites was accomplished using EDX and ICP–OES. The cotton-based TiO2/Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency (> 90%) and maintained its removal efficiency after three reuse cycles, indicated its exceptional photochemical ability. The initial idea of improved photocatalytic performances of a TiO2 NPs double-layer with immobilized Ag NPs was justified as the TiO2/Ag/TiO2 processed sample contributed additional binding sites for dye molecules. Considering that the photocatalytic activity of the cotton-based TiO2 and TiO2/Ag samples was practically imperceptible, it can be assumed that the synthesized Ag NPs act predominantly as electron traps in the double-loaded synthesized system.
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Abbreviations
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- CO control:
-
Control cotton fabric
- CO + TiO2 :
-
TiO2 NPs modified cotton fabric sample
- CO + TiO2/Ag:
-
TiO2/Ag NPs modified cotton fabric composite
- CO + TiO2/Ag/TiO2 :
-
TiO2/Ag/TiO2 NPs modified cotton fabric composite
- RB:
-
Rhodamine B
- AO7:
-
Acid Orange 7
- MR:
-
Methyl Red
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- FESEM:
-
Field emission scanning electron microscopy
- EDX:
-
Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- ICP–OES:
-
Inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectroscopy
- UV/Vis:
-
Ultraviolet/Visible spectroscopy
- DRS:
-
Diffuse reflectance spectra
- AOPs:
-
Advanced oxidation processes
- PD:
-
Photocatalytic degradation
- C0 :
-
The initial concentration of the dye solution (zero point)
- C:
-
Concentration of the dye solution in the selected illumination time interval
- CB:
-
Conduction band
- VB:
-
Valence band
- Ef :
-
Energy of Fermi level
- ESPR :
-
Energy of surface plasmon resonance
- e− :
-
Electrons
- h+ :
-
Holes
- SPR:
-
Surface plasmon resonance
- Xe:
-
Xenon
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Acknowledgments
The research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, through agreements related to realization and financing of scientific research work at the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences -National Institute of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 451-03-47/2023-01/200017), the Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Contract No. 451-03-47/2023-01/200175) and the Institute of General and Physical Chemistry (Contract no. 451-03-47/2023-01/200051). This study is also partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Cooperative Research Project of Creation of Life Innovation Materials for Interdisciplinary and International Researcher Development of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18K18948, Japan. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Maja Radetić, full professor of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Serbia, for the UV/Vis reflectance spectra measurements, Dr. Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović, full professor of the Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia, for the Raman spectroscopy measurements, Dr. Vladimir Pavlović, full professor of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia, for the TEM measurements.
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of Republic of Serbia (451–03-47/2023–01/200017, 451–03-47/2023–01/200175 and 451–03-47/2023–01/200051) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and JSPS KAKENHI Grand Number 18K18948, Japan.
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Investigation, data curation, visualization, writing—original draft MM, conceptualization, validation, writing—review & editing MR, resources, writing, review SO, resources, writing, review HA, writing, review JS, writing, review LM, Writing—review & editing, Supervision ZŠ.
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Milošević, M., Radoičić, M., Ohara, S. et al. Advanced photocatalysis mediated by TiO2/Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles modified cotton fabric. Cellulose 30, 4749–4771 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05165-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05165-0