Abstract
Elevated levels of Troponin I, a cardiac biomarker, is indicative of an Acute Myocardial Infarction. However, current immunosensing methods to detect the presence of Troponin I such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISAs) has poor detection accuracy and unreliable quantitative results due to its single model readout. On the other hand, impedance spectroscopy detection using aptamer-modified electrodes is a more reliable and robust detection method, with higher sensitivity and better selectivity. In this paper, we propose a molybdenum disulphide/cellulose acetate (MoS2/CA) nanofiber composite on screen printed electrodes for detecting troponin I by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. The MoS2/CA nanofiber was electrospin at various amount of MoS2 nanosheets (0.025 g, 0.05 g, 0.1 g and 0.2 g). Morphological, structural and optical characterization was conducted to discover the functional group as well as crystallinity formed in the MoS2/CA composite nanofiber. The developed electrochemical nano-biosensor can detect up to 10 fM of Troponin I with 90% stability after 6 weeks, ~ 5 folds improvement compared to other proteins (selectivity), 0.89 µA mM−1 cm− 2 sensitivity of sensor and RSD value of 3.8% (repeatability).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.Data availability
Correspondence and requests for data that support the findings of this study should be addressed to V.P upon request.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Ahmad S, Khan I, Husain A et al (2020) Electrical conductivity based ammonia sensing properties of polypyrrole/MoS2 nanocomposite. Polymers. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12123047
Ali R, Harun NI, Malik A et al (2013) Effect of temperature on conductivity studies of cellulose acetate based polymer electrolytes. 667:240–245. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.667.240
Balakrishnan SR, Hashim U, Letchumanan GR et al (2014) Development of highly sensitive polysilicon nanogap with APTES/GOx based lab-on-chip biosensor to determine low levels of salivary glucose. Sens Actuators A 220:101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2014.09.027
Chen H, He J, Ke G et al (2019) MoS2 nanoflowers encapsulated into carbon nanofibers containing amorphous SnO2 as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale 11:16253–16261. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr05631a
Cheng Y, Chen KS, Meyer NL et al (2011) Functionalized SnO 2 nanobelt field-effect transistor sensors for label-free detection of cardiac troponin. Biosens Bioelectron 26:4538–4544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.019
Cho IH, Paek EH, Kim YK et al (2009) Chemiluminometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-on-a-chip biosensor based on cross-flow chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 632:247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.019
Feng X, Tang Q, Zhou J et al (2013) Novel mixed-solvothermal synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets with controllable morphologies. Cryst Res Technol 48:363–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.201300003
Gopinath SCB, Perumal V, Balakrishnan SR et al (2017) Aptamer-based determination of ATP by using a functionalized impedimetric nanosensor and mediation by a triangular junction transducer. Microchim Acta 184:4425–4431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2485-8
Gopiraman M, Deng D, Saravanamoorthy S et al (2018) Gold, silver and nickel nanoparticle anchored cellulose nanofiber composites as highly active catalysts for the rapid and selective reduction of nitrophenols in water. RSC Adv 8:3014–3023. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10489h
Huang ZM, Zhang YZ, Kotaki M, Ramakrishna S (2003) A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 63:2223–2253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00178-7
Jo H, Gu H, Jeon W et al (2015) Electrochemical aptasensor of cardiac troponin i for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Anal Chem 87:9869–9875. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02312
Jo H, Her J, Lee H et al (2017) Highly sensitive amperometric detection of cardiac troponin I using sandwich aptamers and screen-printed carbon electrodes. Talanta 165:442–448
Kim K, Park C, Kwon D et al (2016) Silicon nanowire biosensors for detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with high sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 77:695–701
Lee JH, Lee LH, Nam J, Do et al (2005) Water uptake and migration effects of electroactive ion-exchange polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator. Sens Actuators A 118:98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2004.07.001
Lee H, Nishino M, Sohn D et al (2018) Control of the morphology of cellulose acetate nanofibers via electrospinning. Cellulose 25:2829–2837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1744-0
Lee T, Ahn JH, Choi J et al (2019a) Development of the troponin detection system based on the nanostructure. Micromachines. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10030203
Lee T, Kim J, Nam I et al (2019b) Fabrication of troponin i biosensor composed of multi-functional dna structure/au nanocrystal using electrochemical and localized surface plasmon resonance dual-detection method. Nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9071000
Liu C, Wang L, Tang Y et al (2015) Vertical single or few-layer MoS2 nanosheets rooting into TiO2 nanofibers for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Appl Catal B 164:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.08.046
Mahalakshmi M, Selvanayagam S, Selvasekarapandian S, Moniha V (2019) Characterization of biopolymer electrolytes based on cellulose acetate with magnesium perchlorate (Mg ( ClO 4) 2 ) for energy storage devices. J Sci Adv Mater Dev 4:276–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2019.04.006
Monisha S, Mathavan T, Selvasekarapandian S, Benial AMF (2016) Preparation and characterization of cellulose acetate and lithium nitrate for advanced electrochemical devices. Ionics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-016-1886-8
Nagaraju G, Tharamani CN, Chandrappa GT, Livage J (2007) Hydrothermal synthesis of amorphous MoS 2 nanofiber bundles via acidification of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate. Nanoscale Res Lett 2:461–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-007-9087-z
Nezami A, Nosrati R, Golichenari B et al (2017) Nanomaterial-based aptasensors and bioaffinity sensors for quantitative detection of 17β-estradiol. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 94:95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.003
Perumal V, Hashim U (2014) Advances in biosensors: principle, architecture and applications. J Appl Biomed 12:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jab.2013.02.001
Shanmuga Priya S, Karthika M, Selvasekarapandian S et al (2018) Study of biopolymer I-carrageenan with magnesium perchlorate. Ionics 24:3861–3875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2535-1
Song J, Birbach NL, Hinestroza JP (2012) Deposition of silver nanoparticles on cellulosic fibers via stabilization of carboxymethyl groups. Cellulose 19:411–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-011-9647-3
Sudiarti T, Wahyuningrum D, Bundjali B, Made Arcana I (2017) Mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes prepared from cellulose acetate-lithium perchlorate. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/223/1/012052
Teo WE, Ramakrishna S (2009) Electrospun nanofibers as a platform for multifunctional, hierarchically organized nanocomposite. Compos Sci Technol 69:1804–1817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.04.015
Vasudevan M, Tai MJY, Perumal V et al (2020) Highly sensitive and selective acute myocardial infarction detection using aptamer-tethered MoS2 nanoflower and screen-printed electrodes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2060
Vasudevan M, Tai MJY, Perumal V et al (2021) Cellulose acetate-MoS2 nanopetal hybrid: a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical aptasensor of Troponin I for the early diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 118:245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.01.016
Wang J, Wu Z, Hu K et al (2015) High conductivity graphene-like MoS 2/polyaniline nanocomposites and its application in supercapacitor. J Alloys Compd 619:38–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.09.008
Wang B, Jing R, Qi H et al (2016) Label-free electrochemical impedance peptide-based biosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I incorporating gold nanoparticles modified carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem 781:212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.08.005
Yarin AL, Koombhongse S, Reneker DH (2001) Bending instability in electrospinning of nanofibers. J Appl Phys 89:3018–3026. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1333035
Yu X, Park HS (2016) Synthesis and characterization of electrospun PAN/2D MoS2 composite nanofibers. J Ind Eng Chem 34:61–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.10.030
Zhao J, Zhang Z, Yang S et al (2013) Facile synthesis of MoS2 nanosheet-silver nanoparticles composite for surface enhanced Raman scattering and electrochemical activity. J Alloy Compd 559:87–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.067
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) for the financial support through URIF-Grant (015LBO-021). The appreciation also goes to all the team members and staffs in the Department of Mechanical Engineering UTP and Centre of Innovative Nanostructure and Nanodevices (COINN).
Funding
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) for the financial support through URIF-Grant (015LBO-021).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
K.G and V.P conceived and developed the new Molybdenum Disulphide/Cellulose Acetate nanofiber. K.G and M.V carried out the experiment and drafted the manuscript. S.C.B.G, M.O and V.P proofread the manuscript. V.P supervised the work. All authors analysed the results and contributed to the discussion presented in the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known conflict of interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Supplementary information accompanies this paper attached together during submission.
Ethical approval
This study does not involve any animal and human sample.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gobalu, K., Vasudevan, M., Gopinath, S.C.B. et al. Molybdenum disulphide/cellulose acetate nanofiber composite on screen printed electrodes for detecting cardiac troponin by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Cellulose 28, 5761–5774 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03911-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03911-w