Abstract
The most common reverse osmosis (RO) membranes that achieved economic water desalination applications are made of cellulose acetate (CA). Cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) have been blended with CA as innovative combinations to produce RO membranes through phase inversion technique. The relation between membranes compositions, structure, morphology, hydrophilicity and applicability were examined. Scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared were used to evaluate the microstructure of these membranes. Hydrophilicity, strength, salt rejection and flow permeates were tested using a cross-flow reverse osmosis system and contact angle calculations. The contact angle measurements showed an increase from 56° for CA membrane to 71° for CAP membrane and 74° for CAB membrane. The hydro-phobicity of such membranes increased as CAP and CAB loadings increased. The salt rejection of pristine RO membranes increased from 93.2% with permeate of 1.4 L/m2 h for CA membrane to 96.8% with permeate of 1.07 L/m2 h for CAB membrane and 97.8% with permeate of 18.62 L/m2hr for CAP membrane. The salt rejection of supported membranes onto a nonwoven polyester fabric decreased from 92.8% with permeate of 3.78 L/m2 h for CA/0.5 wt% CAP to 91.4% with permeate of 6.05 L/m2 h for CA/0.5 wt% CAB and 88.5% with permeate of 5.84 L/m2 h for CA/0.1 wt% CAP/0.1 wt% CAB.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
02 November 2020
In the original publication, the author name “Shaker M. Ebrahim” was mistakenly omitted in the author group. The correct author group was provided in this correction.
References
Abdellah Ali SF (2020) Performance of cellulose acetate propionate in polycaprolactone and starch composites: biodegradation and water resistance properties. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 10:5382–5286
Ahmad A et al (2015) Effect of silica on the properties of cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol membranes for reverse osmosis. Desalination 355:1–10
Aprilia NAS, Fauzi F, Azmi N, Najwan N, Amin A (2018) Performance of cellulose acetate membrane with different additives for palm oil mill effluent (POME) liquid waste treatment. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 334:1–7
Baek Y, Kang J, Theato P, Yoon J (2012) Measuring hydrophilicity of RO membranes by contact angles via sessile drop and captive bubble method: a comparative study. Desalination 303:23–28
Brown A, Matlock MD (2011) A Review of Water Scarcity Indices and Methodologies. Sustain, Consort., p 19
Dantas PA, Botaro VR (2012) synthesis and characterization of a new cellulose acetate-propionate gel: crosslinking density determination. Open J Polym Chem 2:144–151
Dias CR, Rosa MJ, De Pinho MN (1998) Structure of water in asymmetric cellulose ester membranes - An ATR-FTIR study. J Memb Sci 138:259–267
Duarte AP, Bordado JC, Cidade MT (2007) Cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes: Optimization of preparation parameters. J Appl Polym Sci 103:134–139
Elkony Y, Mansour ES, Elhusseiny A, Hassan H, Ebrahim S (2020) Novel grafted/crosslinked cellulose acetate membrane with N-isopropylacrylamide/N, N-methylenebisacrylamide for water desalination. Sci Rep 10:1–3
Fane YJAG, Wang R (2011) Membrane and Desalination Technologies. Sprtinger, Berlin
Fontananova E, Jansen JC, Cristiano A, Curcio E, Drioli E (2006) Effect of additives in the casting solution on the formation of PVDF membranes. Desalination 192:190–197
Guiomar AJ, Evans SD, Guthrie J (2002) Evaluation of the permeability of modified cellulose acetate propionate membranes for use in biosensors based on hydrogen peroxide detection. Cellulose 8(4):1–5
Han B, Liang S, Wang B, Zheng J, Xie X, Xiao K, Huang X (2019) Simultaneous determination of surface energy and roughness of dense membranes by a modified contact angle method. Coll Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp 562:370–376
Kalogirou SA (2005) Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources. Prog energy Combust Sci 31:242–281
Kim IC, Lee KH, Tak TM (2001) Preparation and characterization of integrally skinned uncharged polyetherimide asymmetric nanofiltration membrane. J Memb Sci 183(2001):235–247
Liu F, Zhang G, Meng Q, Zhang H (2008) Performance of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes in metal effluent treatment. Chinese J Chem Eng 16:441–445
Marques MS, Zepon KM, Petronilho FC, Soldi V, Kanis LA (2017) Characterization of membranes based on cellulose acetate butyrate/poly(caprolactone)triol/doxycycline and their potential for guided bone regeneration application. Mater Sci Eng C 76:365–373
Mekonnen MM, Hoekstra AY (2016) Four billion people facing severe water scarcity. Sci Adv 2:e1500323
Mendes G, Faria M, Carvalho A, Gonçalves MC, de Pinho MN (2018) Structure of water in hybrid cellulose acetate-silica ultrafiltration membranes and permeation properties. Carbohyd Polym 189:342–351
Qiu X, Hu S (2013) Smart materials based on cellulose: a review of the preparations, properties, and applications. Materials 6:738–781
Qu P, Tang H, Gao Y, Zhang LP, Wang S (2010) Polyethersulfone composite membrane blended With cellulose fibrils. BioResources 5:2323–2336
Sabde AD, Trivedi MK, Ramachandhran V, Hanra MS, Misra BM (1997) Casting and characterization of cellulose acetate butyrate based UF membranes. Desalination 114:223–232
Saljoughi E, Mohammadi T (2009) Cellulose acetate (CA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blend asymmetric membranes: Preparation, morphology and performance. Desalination 249:850–854
Savenije HHG (2000) Water scarcity indicators; the deception of the numbers. Phys Chem Earth Part B Hydrol Ocean At 25:199–204
Semiat R, City T (2000) Desalination : Present and Future. Water Int 25:54–65
Stamatialis DF, Dias CR, De Pinho MN (2000) Structure and permeation properties of cellulose esters asymmetric membranes. Biomacromol 1:564–570
Taniguchi Y, Horigome S (1975) The states of water in cellulose acetate membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 19:2743–2748
D Uri 1997 Effects of molecular weight polydispersity and solution viscosity of cellulose acetate butyrate on properties and release characteristics of ascorbyl
Vaithiyalingam S, Nutan M, Reddy I, Khan M (2002) Preparation and characterization of a customized cellulose acetate butyrate dispersion for controlled drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 91:1512–1522
Wilf M (2008) Membrane Types and Factors Affecting Membrane Performance. Stanford University, vol 1, 92 pp
Zahid M, Rashid A, Akram S, Rehan ZA, Razzaq W (2018) A Comprehensive Review on Polymeric Nano-Composite Membranes for Water Treatment. J Membr Sci Technol 8:1–20
Zhang W, Zhong L, Wang T, Jiang Z, Gao X, Zhang L (2018) Surface modification of cellulose nanofibers and their effects on the morphology and properties of polysulfone membranes. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 397:1–10
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdellah Ali, S.F., William, L.A. & Fadl, E.A. Cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate membranes for water desalination applications. Cellulose 27, 9525–9543 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03434-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03434-w