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Palladium nano-catalyst supported on cationic nanocellulose–alginate hydrogel for effective catalytic reactions

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Abstract

Green/sustainable catalyst system is highly desirable, and to this end, biopolymer based functional hydrogel has received much attention due to its various unique properties. Herein, a palladium nanoparticle catalyst supported by natural polymer-based hydrogel, consisting of cationic nanocellulose and alginate (Pd NPs@CNCC–AHB) was prepared and its efficient catalytic applications were demonstrated for dye removal and Suzuki coupling reaction. Cationic nanocellulose was prepared based on (1) periodate oxidation, (2) Schiff base reaction, then the hydrogels were synthesized based on the ionic interaction (Ca2+) and electrostatic interactions of cationic nanocellulose and anionic alginate. Subsequently, Pd NPs formed in situ within the hydrogel based on green synthesis, consisting of PdCl2 adsorption into the CNCC–AHB hydrogel, and carbonyl-induced reduction of Pd2+ to Pd0 at 80 °C (carbonyl groups of nanocellulose as a result of periodate oxidation). CNCC here acted as the support/stabilizer and reducing agent for the preparation of Pd NPs. The TEM image shows the average diameter of Pd NPs is ~ 9 nm inside the CNCC–AHB hydrogel matrices. The as-prepared Pd NPs@CNCC–AHB hydrogel bead catalyst showed excellent performance for methylene blue in both batch and continuous systems. Also, a high catalytic performance (as high as 99% yield after 2 h) for the Suzuki reaction was obtained. The recyclability of the hydrogel catalyst was investigated. The palladium nanoparticle loaded cationic nanocellulose–alginate hydrogel (Pd NPs@CNCC–AHB) catalyst system has great potential for catalytic applications.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province “Preparation and Adsorption Properties of MCB Materials Based on Pulp Fiber” [JSBEM-S-201909]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) scholarships, NSERC and the Canada Research Chairs program of the Government of Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Baobin Wang & Guigan Fang

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada

    Baobin Wang, Linqiang Zheng, Laura Romero-Zerón & Yonghao Ni

  3. Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Miao Ran, Guigan Fang, Ting Wu & Qingwen Tian

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Correspondence to Guigan Fang or Yonghao Ni.

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Pd NPs@CNCC–AHB with different CNCC/AHB ratio (MP4 4312 kb)

AHB (left) and Pd NPs@CNCC-AHB (right) (MP4 2446 kb)

Continuous MB discoloration with cracked Pd NPs@CNCC–AHB hydrogel bead catalyst (AVI 133520 kb)

Micro-CT scanning of CNCC–AHB (MP4 20667 kb)

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Wang, B., Ran, M., Fang, G. et al. Palladium nano-catalyst supported on cationic nanocellulose–alginate hydrogel for effective catalytic reactions. Cellulose 27, 6995–7008 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03127-4

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