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Tough macroporous phenolic resin/bacterial cellulose composite with double-network structure fabricated by ambient pressure drying

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Abstract

In this work, a large size of macroporous phenolic resin (PR)/bacterial cellulose (BC) composite with double-network structure was fabricated simply by soaking, heating, solvent exchange, and ambient pressure drying. The mechanism and influence factors for the fabrication of this macroporous composite were systematically elaborated. One network of macroporous composite was composed of PR beads, and the other derived from original BC nanofibers. They supported and reinforced each other, avoiding the collapse of interconnected porous structure and achieving low density (0.29 g/cm3), high porosity (77.7%), low thermal conductivity (0.10 W/m K), and excellent compressive strength (7.97 ± 2.24 MPa). Through further carbonization, carbon counterpart that maintained fine structure and good performance can also be obtained. The surface of macroporous composite was extremely hydrophilic. On the contrary, its carbon counterpart possessed a highly hydrophobic surface (contact angle = 118.2°). These properties suggest that the macroporous composite and carbon counterpart may have potential applications for filtration, separation, and thermal insulation materials. Moreover, this work will provide a novel perspective for the fabrication of porous composites with BC as the template and 3D nanofiber reinforcement simultaneously.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21805092), Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program (No.2016ZT06C322), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2018MS35).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Bo-xing Zhang, Hao Li, Wenfeng Qiu & Tong Zhao

  2. Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China

    Yubei Zhang, Jingyu Li, Yanan Sun, Zhenhua Luo & Tong Zhao

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  1. Bo-xing Zhang
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  2. Yubei Zhang
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  3. Jingyu Li
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  4. Yanan Sun
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  5. Hao Li
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  6. Wenfeng Qiu
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  7. Zhenhua Luo
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  8. Tong Zhao
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Correspondence to Zhenhua Luo or Tong Zhao.

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10570_2020_3122_MOESM1_ESM.rar

Movie S1: demonstration of oil/water separation with macroporous PR/BC composite as a filter.Movie S2: CA test on the surface of macroporous PR/BC composite. (RAR 13765 kb)

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Zhang, Bx., Zhang, Y., Li, J. et al. Tough macroporous phenolic resin/bacterial cellulose composite with double-network structure fabricated by ambient pressure drying. Cellulose 27, 5029–5039 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03122-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03122-9

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