Abstract
The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of certain components of paper such as lignin and papermaking additives (fillers and sizing) on the efficiency of a recently proposed treatment for simultaneous deacidification and mechanical strengthening with polyaminosiloxane copolymer networks. Mixed mechanical and chemical pulp papers containing various additives were treated with aminoalkylalkoxysilanes (AAAS) by immersion or by spray. Upon treatment, the deposited alkaline reserve varied from 0.34 to 1.14 mol kg−1. For all the papers, copolymers formed from binary mixtures of a di- and a tri-functional AAAS provided the best improvement in the mechanical properties, i.e. in the tensile strength and the folding endurance, indicating an increase in the interfiber bonding energy and in the paper flexibility and plasticity, respectively. It was found that fillers had no influence while sizing hampered the efficiency of the treatment. The presence of mechanical pulp was shown to have a significant impact on the effect of the treatments as well by increasing the tensile resistance more than the folding endurance, indicating an increase in the paper rigidity. This observation was attributed to the response of lignin to the treatment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Area M-C, Cheradame H (2011) Paper aging and degradation: recent findings and research methods. BioResources 6:5307–5337
Baeza J, Freer J (2001) Chemical charaterization of wood and its components. In: Hon N-S, Shiraishi N (eds) Wood and cellulosic chemistry, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 275–384
Banik G, Brückle I (2010) Principles of water absorption and desorption in cellulosic materials. Restaur Int J Preserv Libr Arch Mater 31:164–177
Banik G, Brückle I, Lacher R, Wegele G (2011) Effect of sizing on paper-water interactions. In: Banik G, Brückle I (eds) Paper and water: a guide for conservators. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 145–171
Daruwalla E-H, Nabar G-M (1956) Acid hydrolysis of cellulose. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 20:205–208
De la Orden M-U, Martinez Urreaga J (2006) Discoloration of celluloses treated with amino compounds. Polym Degrad Stab 91:886–893
De la Orden M-U, Matias M-C, Martinez Urreaga J (2004) Discoloration of celluloses treated with polyethylenimines. Polym Degrad Stab 85:697–703
Dupont A-L, Tétreault J (2000) Cellulose degradation in an acetic acid environment. Stud Conserv 45:201–210
Dupont A-L, Egasse C, Morin A, Vasseur F (2007) Comprehensive characterisation of cellulose- and lignicellulose-degradation products in aged papers: capillary zone electrophoresis of low-molar mass organic acids, carbohydrates, and aromatic lignin derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 68:1–16
Dupont A-L, Lavedrine B, Cheradame H (2010) Mass deacidification and reinforcement of papers and books VI—Study of aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane treated papers. Polym Degrad Stab 95:2300–2308
Dupont A-L, Seemann A, Lavedrine B (2012) Capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry for the charaterisation of degradation products in aged papers. Talanta 89:301–309
Ipert S, Rousset E, Cheradame H (2005) Mass deacidification of papers and books: study of a paper strengthening and deacidification process. Restaur Int J Preserv Libr Arch Mater 26:250–264
Ipert S, Dupont A-L, Lavedrine B, Begin P, Rousset E, Cheradame H (2006) Mass deacidification of papers and books. IV—A study of papers treated with aminoalkylalkoxysilanes and their resistance to ageing. Polym Degrad Stab 91:3448–3455
Jeong M-J, Dupont A-L, De la Rie R (2012) Degradation of cellulose at the wet–dry interface: I—study of the depolymerization. Cellulose 19:1135–1147
Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink H-P, Bohn A (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem 44:3358–3393
Krogerus B (1999) Fillers and pigments. In: Neimo L (ed) Papermaking chemistry, paper science and technology series, Fapet Oy (Finland), Ch. 6, pp 117–149
Lai Y-Z (2001) Chemical degradation. In: Hon N-S, Shiraishi N (eds) Wood and cellulosic chemistry, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 443–512
Laurent BA, Grayson SM (2009) Synthetic approaches for the preparation of cyclic polymers. Chem Soc Rev 38:2202–2213
Nevell TP (1985a) Degradation of cellulose by acids, alkalis, and mechanical means. In: Nevell TP, Zeronian SH (eds) Cellulose chemistry and its applications. Ellis Horwood Series Chemical Science, Chichester, pp 223–242
Nevell TP (1985b) Oxidation of cellulose. In: Nevell TP, Zeronian SH (eds) Cellulose chemistry and its applications. Ellis Horwood Series Chemical Science, Chichester, pp 243–265
Odian G (1991) Step polymerization. In: Odian G (ed) Principles of polymerization, 3rd edn. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley, New York, pp 39–197
Piovesan C, Dupont A-L, Fabre-Francke I, Fichet O, Lavédrine B, Cheradame H (2014) Paper strenghthening by polyaminoalkylalkoxysilane copolymer networks applied by spray or immersion. Cellulose 21:705–715
Rouchon V, Duranton M, Burgaud C, Pellizzi E, Lavedrine B (2011) Room-temperature study of iron gall ink impregnated paper degradation under various oxygen and humidity conditions: time-dependent monitoring by viscosity and X-ray absorption near-edge spectrometry measurements. Anal Chem 83:2589–2597
Souguir Z, Dupont A-L, de la Rie R (2008) Formation of brown lines in paper: characterization of cellulose degradation at the wet–dry interface. Biomacromol 9:2546–2552
Souguir Z, Dupont A-L, de la Rie R (2011) Chemical and physicochemical investigation of an aminoalkylalkoxysilane as strangthening agent for cellulosic materials. Biomacromol 12:2082–2091
Souguir Z, Dupont A-L, Fatyeyeva K, Mortha G, Cheradame H, Lavedrine B (2012) Strengthening of degraded cellulosic material using a diamine alkylakoxysilane. RSC Adv 2:7470–7478
Strlič M, Menart E, Cigič I-K, Kolar J, de Bruin G, Cassar M (2010) Emission of reactive oxygen species during degradation of iron gall ink. Polym Degrad Stab 95:66–71
Strlič M, Kralj Cigič I, Mozir A, de Bruin G, Kolar J, Cassar M (2011) The effect of volatile organic compounds and hypoxia on paper degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 96:608–615
Tétreault J, Dupont A-L, Bégin P, Paris S (2013) The impact of volatile compounds released by paper on cellulose degradation in ambient hygrothermal conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 98:1827–1837
Zou X, Uesaka T, Gurnagul N (1996) Prediction of paper permanence by accelerated aging -I- Kinetic analysis of the aging process. Cellulose 3:243–267
Acknowledgments
We gratefully thank the Fondation des Sciences du Patrimoine for financing Camille Piovesan’s research (ANR-10-LABX-0094-01 CoMPresSil project). The participation of the Bibliothèque nationale de France in the CoMPresSil project is acknowledged. Denis Réau, CRC, is warmly thanked for the technical assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Piovesan, C., Fabre-Francke, I., Dupont, AL. et al. The impact of paper constituents on the efficiency of mechanical strengthening by polyaminoalkylalkoxysilanes. Cellulose 24, 5671–5684 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1513-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1513-5