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Effect of fiber drying on properties of lignin containing cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils produced through maleic acid hydrolysis

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Abstract

The effect of fiber drying on the properties of lignin containing cellulose nanocrystals (LCNC) and nanofibrils (LCNF) produced using concentrated maleic acid hydrolysis of a never dried unbleached mixed hardwood kraft pulp was evaluated. Two drying conditions, i.e., air drying and heat drying at 105 °C were employed. It was found that drying (both air and heat) enhanced acid hydrolysis to result in slightly improved LCNC yields and less entangled LCNF. This is perhaps due to the fact that drying modified the cellulose supermolecular structure to become more susceptible to acid hydrolysis and the enhanced hydrolysis severity at the fiber surface when using dried fibers. Drying substantially improved LCNC crystallinity and LCNF suspension viscoelastic behavior. The present study quantitatively elucidated the effect of pulp drying (either air or heat) on producing cellulose nanomaterials and has practical importance because commercial market pulp (heat dried) is most likely to be used commercially.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by US Forest Service, the Chinese State Forestry Administration (Project No. 2015-4-54), and the Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University. Funding from these programs made the visiting appointments of Bian at FPL possible. We also would like to acknowledge Dr. Goyal Gopal and his colleagues of International Paper Company for complimentarily providing us the unbleached mixed hardwood pulp samples. Fred Matt of FPL conducted carbohydrate analyses and Carlos Baez conducted sample crystallinity analyses using XRD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

    Huiyang Bian & Hongqi Dai

  2. Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA

    Huiyang Bian & J. Y. Zhu

  3. Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Liheng Chen

Authors
  1. Huiyang Bian
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  2. Liheng Chen
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Correspondence to J. Y. Zhu.

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Bian, H., Chen, L., Dai, H. et al. Effect of fiber drying on properties of lignin containing cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils produced through maleic acid hydrolysis. Cellulose 24, 4205–4216 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1430-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1430-7

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