Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

X-ray absorption and diffraction analysis for determination of the amount of calcium carbonate and porosity in paper sheets

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Cellulose Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Papers are mostly made with lignocellulose and additives among which calcium carbonate has a primarily importance. Calcium carbonate as a filler provides specific properties to the paper like brightness, porosity, etc. Because of low retention, calcium carbonate remains in large quantities in the waste water when at the final stage, the paper is couched and pressed. It is therefore interesting to develop some methods to analyze in a nondestructive way the content of calcium carbonate that remains in the paper. We report in this article an X-ray study of paper sheets with the aim to determine not only the content of calcium carbonate in a nondestructive way but also the porosity of the paper sheets. The analysis is carried out in a quantitative way by refining the wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns using the Rietveld method and by modeling the absorption of the direct beam through paper sheets.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

f′:

Real part of X-ray dispersion correction

f″:

Imaginary part of X-ray dispersion correction

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

T:

Transmission

WAXD:

Wide angle X-ray diffraction

x :

Calcium carbonate mass fraction, i.e. the CaCO3 mass over the total mass

z :

Thickness of paper sheet

z eff :

Effective thickness, thickness of paper without void

\(\upmu_{cell}^{ *}\) :

Masse attenuation coefficient of cellulose

\(\upmu_{paper}^{ *}\) :

Masse attenuation coefficient of paper sheet

μ cell :

Linear attenuation coefficient of cellulose

\(\rho_{cell }\) :

Density, in this case of cellulose

References

  • Alava M, Niskanen K (2006) The Phys Pap Rep Prog Phys 69:669–723. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/69/3/R03

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arendt FP (1975) Determination of paper ash content by X-ray absorption analysis. Google Patents

  • Beuvier T et al (2013) Phase transformations in CaCO3/iron oxide composite induced by thermal treatment and laser irradiation. J Raman Spectrosc 44:489–495. doi:10.1002/Jrs.4200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Driemeier C (2013) Two-dimensional Rietveld analysis of celluloses from higher plants. Cellulose 21:1065–1073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • French AD (2014) Idealized powder diffraction patterns for cellulose polymorphs. Cellulose 21:885–896. doi:10.1007/s10570-013-0030-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karabutov AA, Pelivanov IM, Podymova NB (2006) Laser optoacoustic measurements of paper porosity—art. no. 61620H P Soc Photo-Opt Ins 6162:H1620-H1620 doi:Artn 61620 h 10.1117/12.674995

  • Ke-fu TY-zC (2004) Determination of pore size distribution and surface area of several materials using mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption [J]. China Pulp Pap 4:008

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutterotti L, Matthies S, Wenk H (1999) MAUD: a friendly Java program for material analysis using diffraction IUCr: Newsletter of the CPD 21

  • Moura MJ, Ferreira PJ, Figueiredo MM (2005) Mercury intrusion porosimetry in pulp and paper technology. Powder Technol 160:61–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishiyama Y, Langan P, Chanzy H (2002) Crystal structure and hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose Iβ from synchrotron X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 124:9074–9082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishiyama Y, Sugiyama J, Chanzy H, Langan P (2003) Crystal structure and hydrogen bonding system in cellulose Iα from synchrotron X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 125:14300–14306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasi M (2013) Permeability properties of paper materials

  • Salmén L, Fellers C (1989) The nature of volume hydroexpansivity of paper. J pulp Pap Sci 15:J63–J65

    Google Scholar 

  • Sixta H (2006) Pulp properties and applications Handbook of pulp:1009-1067

  • Xue MG, Wang SF (2012) The analysis of relationships between surface porosity and air permeability of paper (board). Adv Mater Res-Switz. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.396-398.1426

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Le Mans, France

    O. Cherkas, T. Beuvier & A. Gibaud

  2. SWM International, Spay, France

    S. Fall

Authors
  1. O. Cherkas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Beuvier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Fall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Gibaud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Gibaud.

Additional information

Poster presentation on the international conference Biopolymer 2015, Nantes, France.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 282 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cherkas, O., Beuvier, T., Fall, S. et al. X-ray absorption and diffraction analysis for determination of the amount of calcium carbonate and porosity in paper sheets. Cellulose 23, 2831–2840 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1001-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1001-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation