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Substitution of nanoclay in high gas barrier films of cellulose nanofibrils with cellulose nanocrystals and thermal treatment

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to design a nanocellulose based barrier film. For this purpose, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are used as a matrix to create an entangled nanoporous network that is filled with two different nanofillers: nanoclay (reference), i.e. the mineral montmorillonite (MMT) and the bio-based TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystal (CNC-T), to produce different types of nanocelluloses and their main physical and chemical features were assessed. As expected, films based on neat CNFs exhibit good mechanical performance and excellent barrier properties at low moisture content. The introduction of 32.5 wt% of either nanofiller results in a significant improvement of barrier properties at high moisture content. Finally, thermal treatment of a dried CNF/CNC-T film results in a decrease of the oxygen permeability even at high moisture content (>70 %). This is mainly attributed to the hornification of nanocellulose. A key result of this study is that the oxygen permeability of an all-nanocellulose film in 85 % relative humidity (RH), is similar to CNF film with mineral nanoclay (MMT), i.e. 2.1 instead of 1.7 cm3 µm m−2 day−1 kPa−1, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Papeteries du Léman, and the French National Research Agency (ANRT) for financial and material support for the PhD thesis. TekLiCell cluster and region Rhone-Alpes are acknowledged for their financial support to the experimental setups. We would like to thank Francine Roussel (Grenoble Institute of Technology) for her expertise in providing SEM imaging and Stéphane Coindeau for performing XRD analysis. LGP2 is part of the LabEx Tec 21 (Investissements d’Avenir Grant Agreement No. ANR-11-LABX-0030) and of the Energies du Future and PolyNat Carnot Institutes. The OTR measurements have been supported by the PFI project NORCEL: The Norwegian Nanocellulose Technology Platform, funded by the Research Council of Norway.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LGP2, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Raphael Bardet, Charlène Reverdy, Naceur Belgacem & Julien Bras

  2. LGP2, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Raphael Bardet, Charlène Reverdy, Naceur Belgacem & Julien Bras

  3. Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

    Kristin Syverud

  4. Paper and Fiber Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Ingebjørg Leirset & Kristin Syverud

  5. INAC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Michel Bardet

  6. INAC, SCIB, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Michel Bardet

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  1. Raphael Bardet
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  2. Charlène Reverdy
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  3. Naceur Belgacem
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  4. Ingebjørg Leirset
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  7. Julien Bras
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Correspondence to Julien Bras.

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Bardet, R., Reverdy, C., Belgacem, N. et al. Substitution of nanoclay in high gas barrier films of cellulose nanofibrils with cellulose nanocrystals and thermal treatment. Cellulose 22, 1227–1241 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0547-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0547-9

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