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Synthesis of cellulose–metal nanoparticle composites: development and comparison of different protocols

Cellulose volume 21, pages 395–405 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Deposition of nanoparticles on the surface of a variety of materials is a subject of great interest due to their potential applications in electronic devices, sensing, catalysis and bio-medical sciences. In this context, we have explored and compared various methodologies to generate gold and silver nanoparticles on the surface of cellulose fibers. It was found that boiling of the cellulose fibers in alkaline solution of gold and silver salts led to the formation and immobilization of gold and silver nanoparticles. However, in case of lecithin treated and thiol-modified cellulose fibers, high temperature was not essentially required for the formation and deposition of nanoparticles on cellulose substrate. In both these cases, fairly uniform metal nanoparticles were obtained in good yields (~43 wt% gold loading in case of thiol modified cellulose fibers) at room temperature. Borohydride-reduction method resulted in relatively lower loading (~22 wt%) with a wide size distribution of gold and silver nanoparticles on cellulose fibers. All these nanoparticle–cellulose composites were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and elemental analyzer. Thiol modified cellulose–gold nanoparticle composites served as active catalysts in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Government of Pakistan, for financial support to Dr. Sumaira Ashraf for her PhD studies. We are also thankful to ex-National Commission on Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST), Government of Pakistan, for financial support to initiate nano-biotechnology research at NIBGE. IH thanks LUMS School of Science and Engineering (SSE), Lahore, Pakistan for providing start-up funds and supporting his research team. A part of this work was supported by DAAD project (ID 54372132) awarded to IH and Wolfgang J. Parak at Philipps University, Marburg, Germany. We are also thankful to Professor Wolfgang Parak for his support in characterizing the nanoparticle samples and intellectual discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Sumaira Ashraf,  Saif-ur-Rehman & Zafar Mahmood Khalid

  2. Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt., 54792, Pakistan

    Falak Sher & Irshad Hussain

  3. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Sumaira Ashraf & Mazhar Mehmood

Authors
  1. Sumaira Ashraf
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  2. Saif-ur-Rehman
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  3. Falak Sher
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  4. Zafar Mahmood Khalid
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  5. Mazhar Mehmood
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  6. Irshad Hussain
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Correspondence to Irshad Hussain.

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Ashraf, S., Saif-ur-Rehman, Sher, F. et al. Synthesis of cellulose–metal nanoparticle composites: development and comparison of different protocols. Cellulose 21, 395–405 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-0129-7

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Keywords

  • Cellulose
  • Thiol-modified cellulose
  • Lecithin
  • Cellulose–metal nanoparticle composites
  • Catalysis